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Iron (II) impregnated double-shelled hollow mesoporous silica as acid-base bifunctional catalyst for the conversion of low-quality oil to methyl esters

Author

Listed:
  • Suryajaya, Stefanus Kevin
  • Mulyono, Yohanes Ricky
  • Santoso, Shella Permatasari
  • Yuliana, Maria
  • Kurniawan, Alfin
  • Ayucitra, Aning
  • Sun, Yueting
  • Hartono, Sandy Budi
  • Soetaredjo, Felycia Edi
  • Ismadji, Suryadi

Abstract

To promote the use of low-quality oils in producing biodiesel, a bifunctional acid-base catalyst Fe/DS-HMS-NH2 is fabricated using the two-step condensation technique. The obtained Fe/DS-HMS-NH2 is of a doubled shell structure in spherical shape with a uniform size of 156 nm. Its hollow core (with a diameter of 86 nm) and two spatial shells with different active sites enables the esterification and transesterification reactions to be accomplished in a one-pot synthesis. The influences of four independent reaction variables on the yield of fatty acid methyl esters YF was studied, including catalyst loading mc, reaction time t, reaction temperature T, and the methanol to degummed palm oil mass ratio rm/o. The highest yield was obtained at 85.36% (w/w) when mc = 6% (w/w), t = 4.5 h, T = 60 °C, and rm/o = 6:1. The Fe/DS-HMS-NH2 shows a good recyclability with YF > 80% (w/w) up to three reaction cycles.

Suggested Citation

  • Suryajaya, Stefanus Kevin & Mulyono, Yohanes Ricky & Santoso, Shella Permatasari & Yuliana, Maria & Kurniawan, Alfin & Ayucitra, Aning & Sun, Yueting & Hartono, Sandy Budi & Soetaredjo, Felycia Edi & , 2021. "Iron (II) impregnated double-shelled hollow mesoporous silica as acid-base bifunctional catalyst for the conversion of low-quality oil to methyl esters," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 1166-1174.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:169:y:2021:i:c:p:1166-1174
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2021.01.107
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Baskar, G. & Soumiya, S., 2016. "Production of biodiesel from castor oil using iron (II) doped zinc oxide nanocatalyst," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 98(C), pages 101-107.
    2. Suryaputra, Wijaya & Winata, Indra & Indraswati, Nani & Ismadji, Suryadi, 2013. "Waste capiz (Amusium cristatum) shell as a new heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 795-799.
    3. Marinković, Dalibor M. & Stanković, Miroslav V. & Veličković, Ana V. & Avramović, Jelena M. & Miladinović, Marija R. & Stamenković, Olivera O. & Veljković, Vlada B. & Jovanović, Dušan M., 2016. "Calcium oxide as a promising heterogeneous catalyst for biodiesel production: Current state and perspectives," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 1387-1408.
    4. Farooq, Muhammad & Ramli, Anita & Naeem, Abdul, 2015. "Biodiesel production from low FFA waste cooking oil using heterogeneous catalyst derived from chicken bones," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 362-368.
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    1. Sun, Chihe & Hu, Yun & Sun, Fubao & Sun, Yahui & Song, Guojie & Chang, Haixing & Lunprom, Siriporn, 2022. "Comparison of biodiesel production using a novel porous Zn/Al/Co complex oxide prepared from different methods: Physicochemical properties, reaction kinetic and thermodynamic studies," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 1419-1430.

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