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Catalytic performance and deactivation mechanism of a one-step sulfonated carbon-based solid-acid catalyst in an esterification reaction

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  • Zhang, Bingxin
  • Gao, Ming
  • Geng, Jiayu
  • Cheng, Yuwei
  • Wang, Xiaona
  • Wu, Chuanfu
  • Wang, Qunhui
  • Liu, Shu
  • Cheung, Siu Ming

Abstract

In this study, catalytic activity and deactivation mechanism of a carbon-based solid-acid catalyst in the esterification of oleic acid and methanol were investigated. The experimental results showed that the S150-4 catalyst, prepared by sulphonating at 150 °C for 4 h, yielded the highest sulfonic acid density. The conversion yield reached 97.98% under the optimum esterification conditions (i.e. catalyst loading, 10 wt%; methanol/oleic acid molar ratio, 8:1; reaction temperature, 65 °C; reaction time, 8 h) and decreased to 79.19% after four cycles. In the first batch of esterification, the formation of sulfonic esters was the main reason for the deactivation of the catalyst, whereas the leaching of sulphur was the main contributor in the second to fourth batches. Therefore, it is believed that reducing the leaching of sulphur and the formation of sulfonic esters by changing the addition method of methanol is an effective method to extend the service life of the catalyst.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Bingxin & Gao, Ming & Geng, Jiayu & Cheng, Yuwei & Wang, Xiaona & Wu, Chuanfu & Wang, Qunhui & Liu, Shu & Cheung, Siu Ming, 2021. "Catalytic performance and deactivation mechanism of a one-step sulfonated carbon-based solid-acid catalyst in an esterification reaction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 824-832.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:164:y:2021:i:c:p:824-832
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.09.076
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    6. Dechakhumwat, Suppasate & Hongmanorom, Plaifa & Thunyaratchatanon, Chachchaya & Smith, Siwaporn Meejoo & Boonyuen, Supakorn & Luengnaruemitchai, Apanee, 2020. "Catalytic activity of heterogeneous acid catalysts derived from corncob in the esterification of oleic acid with methanol," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 148(C), pages 897-906.
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    3. Leesing, Ratanaporn & Siwina, Siraprapha & Ngernyen, Yuvarat & Fiala, Khanittha, 2022. "Innovative approach for co-production of single cell oil (SCO), novel carbon-based solid acid catalyst and SCO-based biodiesel from fallen Dipterocarpus alatus leaves," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(C), pages 47-60.
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    5. Rokhum, Samuel Lalthazuala & Changmai, Bishwajit & Kress, Thomas & Wheatley, Andrew E.H., 2022. "A one-pot route to tunable sugar-derived sulfonated carbon catalysts for sustainable production of biodiesel by fatty acid esterification," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 184(C), pages 908-919.
    6. Mennani, Mehdi & Kasbaji, Meriem & Ait Benhamou, Anass & Boussetta, Abdelghani & Kassab, Zineb & El Achaby, Mounir & Grimi, Nabil & Moubarik, Amine, 2024. "The potential of lignin-functionalized metal catalysts - A systematic review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PA).
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