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Synergies between the microwave reactor and CaO/zeolite catalyst in waste lard biodiesel production

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  • Lawan, Ibrahim
  • Garba, Zahraddeen N.
  • Zhou, Weiming
  • Zhang, Mingxin
  • Yuan, Zhanhui

Abstract

The quest for efficient and sustainable route for biodiesel production motivates the investigation of synergies between microwave reactor and calcium oxide (CaO) loaded on zeolite in waste lard biodiesel (WLB) production. The optimum concentration of the precursor used in the impregnation of the zeolite was practically determined. The resultant CaO/zeolite was characterized using some classical techniques and the characterized catalyst in synergy with the microwave reactor was used to optimize and model the biodiesel production process and the reaction optimum conditions in relation to CaO/zeolite amount, microwave power, methanol/oil ratio and time as independent variables were established (8% (wt./vol), 595 Watts, 30:1 and 1.25 h respectively) using central composite design. The conditions generated a maximum WLB yield of 90.89% signifying that the synergies between the reactor and the synthesized catalyst result in an efficient biodiesel production method. Additionally, the catalyst is shown to be easily separated from the reaction product and has the potential to be recycled a number of times under the optimum conditions. This study establishes synergies between microwave reactor system and heterogeneous CaO/zeolite catalyst that result in an economically feasible route for production of an efficient and sustainable WLB.

Suggested Citation

  • Lawan, Ibrahim & Garba, Zahraddeen N. & Zhou, Weiming & Zhang, Mingxin & Yuan, Zhanhui, 2020. "Synergies between the microwave reactor and CaO/zeolite catalyst in waste lard biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 2550-2560.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:145:y:2020:i:c:p:2550-2560
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.08.008
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Aghel, Babak & Gouran, Ashkan & Nasirmanesh, Farzad, 2022. "Transesterification of waste cooking oil using clinoptilolite/ industrial phosphoric waste as green and environmental catalysts," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PB).
    2. Li, Hui & Wang, Yongbo & Han, Zhihao & Wang, Tianyu & Wang, Yunpu & Liu, Chenhui & Guo, Min & Li, Guoning & Lu, Wanpeng & Yu, Mingzhi & Ma, Xiaoling, 2022. "Nanosheet like CaO/C derived from Ca-BTC for biodiesel production assisted with microwave," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 326(C).
    3. Zhang, Yujiao & Niu, Shengli & Han, Kuihua & Li, Yingjie & Lu, Chunmei, 2021. "Synthesis of the SrO–CaO–Al2O3 trimetallic oxide catalyst for transesterification to produce biodiesel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 981-990.
    4. Ezzati, Rohollah & Ranjbar, Shahram & Soltanabadi, Azim, 2021. "Kinetics models of transesterification reaction for biodiesel production: A theoretical analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 280-296.
    5. Sun, Hao & Ma, Mingzhe & Fan, Mengmeng & Sun, Kang & Xu, Wei & Wang, Kui & Li, Baojun & Jiang, Jianchun, 2022. "Controllable preparation of biomass derived mesoporous activated carbon supported nano-CaO catalysts for biodiesel production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PB).
    6. Zhang, Bingxin & Gao, Ming & Geng, Jiayu & Cheng, Yuwei & Wang, Xiaona & Wu, Chuanfu & Wang, Qunhui & Liu, Shu & Cheung, Siu Ming, 2021. "Catalytic performance and deactivation mechanism of a one-step sulfonated carbon-based solid-acid catalyst in an esterification reaction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 824-832.
    7. Yusuff, Adeyinka S. & Bhonsle, Aman K. & Bangwal, Dinesh P. & Atray, Neeraj, 2021. "Development of a barium-modified zeolite catalyst for biodiesel production from waste frying oil: Process optimization by design of experiment," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 1253-1264.
    8. Monteiro, Rodolpho R.C. & Arana-Peña, Sara & da Rocha, Thays N. & Miranda, Letícia P. & Berenguer-Murcia, Ángel & Tardioli, Paulo W. & dos Santos, José C.S. & Fernandez-Lafuente, Roberto, 2021. "Liquid lipase preparations designed for industrial production of biodiesel. Is it really an optimal solution?," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 1566-1587.
    9. Qu, Tongxin & Niu, Shengli & Gong, Zhiqiang & Han, Kuihua & Wang, Yongzheng & Lu, Chunmei, 2020. "Wollastonite decorated with calcium oxide as heterogeneous transesterification catalyst for biodiesel production: Optimized by response surface methodology," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 873-884.
    10. Zhang, Bingxin & Gao, Ming & Tang, Weiqi & Wang, Xiaona & Wu, Chuanfu & Wang, Qunhui & Cheung, Siu Ming & Chen, Xiankun, 2023. "Esterification efficiency improvement of carbon-based solid acid catalysts induced by biomass pretreatments: Intrinsic mechanism," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PB).
    11. Yusuff, Adeyinka Sikiru & Gbadamosi, Afeez Olayinka & Atray, Neeraj, 2022. "Development of a zeolite supported CaO derived from chicken eggshell as active base catalyst for used cooking oil biodiesel production," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C), pages 1151-1162.
    12. Lani, Nurul Saadiah & Ngadi, Norzita & Haron, Saharudin & Mohammed Inuwa, Ibrahim & Anako Opotu, Lawal, 2024. "The catalytic effect of calcium oxide and magnetite loading on magnetically supported calcium oxide-zeolite catalyst for biodiesel production from used cooking oil," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).

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