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Experimental investigation of hysteresis on pump performance characteristics of a model pump-turbine with different guide vane openings

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  • Li, Deyou
  • Chang, Hong
  • Zuo, Zhigang
  • Wang, Hongjie
  • Li, Zhenggui
  • Wei, Xianzhu

Abstract

Hysteresis loops on the performance curves in the hump region of pump-turbines have been identified in previous studies, which significantly enlarged the unstable operational region, leading to unreasonable selections in the safety margin in the head. In order to understand the formation mechanism of the hysteresis characteristic, and its dependence on the guide vane opening, experiments on both the performance characteristics and the pressure fluctuations were carried out in a low specific speed (nq = 36.1 min−1) model pump-turbine. Hysteresis phenomena with three guide vane openings (13 mm, 19 mm and 25 mm) were confirmed. Analyses through the Euler theory indicate that all hysteresis characteristics are originated from combining effects from the decrease in the Euler head and the increase in the hydraulic loss. Detailed analysis reveals that the hydraulic loss contributes the most to the generation of the hysteresis characteristic. Based the analysis of pressure fluctuations, it is obtained that the high hydraulic loss is related to the low frequency pressure fluctuations, originating from different sources under different guide vane openings. At small guide vane openings, low frequency components (between 0.04 and 0.15 times rotational frequency) originate from rotating flow separation in the vaneless space, while at large guide vane openings, they result from complex vortices in the guide vanes. Furthermore, different initial operating conditions lead to different magnitudes of low frequency components, which in turn contribute to the hysteresis characteristic. The present study provides a sound criterion for the selection of the safety margin in the head, with respect to the hump characteristic of pump-turbines in engineering applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Deyou & Chang, Hong & Zuo, Zhigang & Wang, Hongjie & Li, Zhenggui & Wei, Xianzhu, 2020. "Experimental investigation of hysteresis on pump performance characteristics of a model pump-turbine with different guide vane openings," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 652-663.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:149:y:2020:i:c:p:652-663
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2019.12.065
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Li, Deyou & Zuo, Zhigang & Wang, Hongjie & Liu, Shuhong & Wei, Xianzhu & Qin, Daqing, 2019. "Review of positive slopes on pump performance characteristics of pump-turbines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 901-916.
    2. Deyou Li & Hongjie Wang & Jinxia Chen & Torbjørn K. Nielsen & Daqing Qin & Xianzhu Wei, 2016. "Hysteresis Characteristic in the Hump Region of a Pump-Turbine Model," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(8), pages 1-18, August.
    3. Zuo, Zhigang & Fan, Honggang & Liu, Shuhong & Wu, Yulin, 2016. "S-shaped characteristics on the performance curves of pump-turbines in turbine mode – A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 60(C), pages 836-851.
    4. Zuo, Zhigang & Liu, Shuhong & Sun, Yuekun & Wu, Yulin, 2015. "Pressure fluctuations in the vaneless space of High-head pump-turbines—A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 965-974.
    5. Li, Deyou & Wang, Hongjie & Qin, Yonglin & Wei, Xianzhu & Qin, Daqing, 2018. "Numerical simulation of hysteresis characteristic in the hump region of a pump-turbine model," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 115(C), pages 433-447.
    6. Lu, Guocheng & Zuo, Zhigang & Sun, Yuekun & Liu, Demin & Tsujimoto, Yoshinobu & Liu, Shuhong, 2017. "Experimental evidence of cavitation influences on the positive slope on the pump performance curve of a low specific speed model pump-turbine," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 1539-1550.
    7. Qian, Zhongdong & Wang, Fan & Guo, Zhiwei & Lu, Jie, 2016. "Performance evaluation of an axial-flow pump with adjustable guide vanes in turbine mode," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 1146-1152.
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    Cited by:

    1. Sergey Skripkin & Zhigang Zuo & Mikhail Tsoy & Pavel Kuibin & Shuhong Liu, 2022. "Oscillation of Cavitating Vortices in Draft Tubes of a Simplified Model Turbine and a Model Pump–Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(8), pages 1-18, April.
    2. Yong Liu & Dezhong Wang & Hongjuan Ran & Rui Xu & Yu Song & Bo Gong, 2021. "RANS CFD Analysis of Hump Formation Mechanism in Double-Suction Centrifugal Pump under Part Load Condition," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-17, October.
    3. Yonglin Qin & Deyou Li & Hongjie Wang & Xianzhu Wei, 2023. "Optimization of Setting Angle Distribution to Suppress Hump Characteristic in Pump Turbine," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-18, March.

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