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A renewable lipid source for biolubricant feedstock oil from housefly (Musca domestica) larva

Author

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  • Wu, Sheng-qing
  • Cai, Zi-zhe
  • Niu, Yi
  • Zheng, Dong
  • He, Guo-rui
  • Wang, Yong
  • Yang, De-po

Abstract

Biolubricants are gaining increased attention because of their low toxicity, high biodegradability, and miscibility with additives. These features render them ideal for lubrication, especially in total-loss processes. In this study, housefly (Musca domestica) larvae were used as low-cost, non-food biolubricant feedstock. A larval lipid with high acid value (AV) of 63 mg KOH/g was used as feedstock for esterification to produce 2-ethylhexyl fatty acid esters (2-EH esters). We developed a method of producing high-purity 2-EH esters in which housefly larva free fatty acids (HLFFAs) were derived from larvae fed with kitchen waste. HLFFAs were esterified with 2-ethyl-1-hexanol (2-EHOH) catalysed with benzenesulfonic acid (BSA). The optimum esterification conditions were as follows: catalyst loading, 0.5 wt%; 2-EHOH-to-HLFFAs molar ratio, 3:1; temperature, 130 °C; and reaction time, 2 h. These conditions yielded 98.6% esterification rate. Excess 2-EHOH was removed by molecular distillation at 80 Pa and 110 °C. Residual fatty acids were neutralised by alkali refining. The chemical and physical properties, including the tribological properties, of the produced high-purity 2-EH esters (>99.7%) were also tested.

Suggested Citation

  • Wu, Sheng-qing & Cai, Zi-zhe & Niu, Yi & Zheng, Dong & He, Guo-rui & Wang, Yong & Yang, De-po, 2017. "A renewable lipid source for biolubricant feedstock oil from housefly (Musca domestica) larva," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 546-553.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:renene:v:113:y:2017:i:c:p:546-553
    DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2017.05.094
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yang, Sen & Li, Qing & Gao, Yang & Zheng, Longyu & Liu, Ziduo, 2014. "Biodiesel production from swine manure via housefly larvae (Musca domestica L.)," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 222-227.
    2. Syaima, M.T.S & Ong, K.H. & Mohd Noor, Ishenny & Zamratul, M.I.M. & Brahim, S.A. & Hafizul, M.M., 2015. "The synthesis of bio-lubricant based oil by hydrolysis and non-catalytic of palm oil mill effluent (POME) using lipase," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 669-675.
    3. Li, Zhuoxue & Yang, Depo & Huang, Miaoling & Hu, Xinjun & Shen, Jiangang & Zhao, Zhimin & Chen, Jianping, 2012. "Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) larvae: A new biodiesel resource," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 349-354.
    4. Yang, Sen & Liu, Ziduo, 2014. "Pilot-scale biodegradation of swine manure via Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius) for biodiesel production," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 385-391.
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    1. Elsayed, Mahdy & Li, Wu & Abdalla, Nashwa S. & Ai, Ping & Zhang, Yanlin & Abomohra, Abd El-Fatah, 2022. "Innovative approach for rapeseed straw recycling using black solider fly larvae: Towards enhanced energy recovery," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 211-222.
    2. Bahadi, Murad & Salimon, Jumat & Derawi, Darfizzi, 2021. "Synthesis of di-trimethylolpropane tetraester-based biolubricant from Elaeis guineensis kernel oil via homogeneous acid-catalyzed transesterification," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 981-993.
    3. Nor, Nurazira Mohd & Salih, Nadia & Salimon, Jumat, 2022. "Optimization and lubrication properties of Malaysian crude palm oil fatty acids based neopentyl glycol diester green biolubricant," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 200(C), pages 942-956.
    4. Wu, Sheng-qing & Sun, Ting-ting & Cai, Zi-zhe & Shen, Juan & Yang, Wen-zhe & Zhao, Zhi-min & Yang, De-po, 2020. "Biolubricant base stock with improved low temperature performance: Ester complex production using housefly (Musca domestica L.) larval lipid," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 1940-1951.

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