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Port-of-entry safety via the reliability optimization of container inspection strategy through an evolutionary approach

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  • Ramirez-Marquez, Jose Emmanuel

Abstract

Up to now, of all the containers received in USA ports, roughly between 2% and 5% are scrutinized to determine if they could cause some type of danger or contain suspicious goods. Recently, concerns have been raised regarding the type of attack that could happen via container cargo leading to devastating economic, psychological and sociological effects. Overall, this paper is concerned with developing an inspection strategy that minimizes the total cost of inspection while maintaining a user-specified detection rate for “suspicious†containers. In this respect, a general model for describing an inspection strategy is proposed. The strategy is regarded as an (n+1)-echelon decision tree where at each of these echelons, a decision has to be taken, regarding which sensor to be used, if at all. Second, based on the general decision-tree model, this paper presents a minimum cost container inspection strategy that conforms to a pre-specified user detection rate under the assumption that different sensors with different reliability and cost characteristics can be used. To generate an optimal inspection strategy, an evolutionary optimization approach known as probabilistic solution discovery algorithm has been used.

Suggested Citation

  • Ramirez-Marquez, Jose Emmanuel, 2008. "Port-of-entry safety via the reliability optimization of container inspection strategy through an evolutionary approach," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 93(11), pages 1698-1709.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:reensy:v:93:y:2008:i:11:p:1698-1709
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2008.01.003
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Ramirez-Marquez, José Emmanuel & Rocco, Claudio M., 2008. "All-terminal network reliability optimization via probabilistic solution discovery," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 93(11), pages 1689-1697.
    2. Susan E. Martonosi & David S. Ortiz & Henry H. Willis, 2005. "Evaluating the Viability of 100 per cent Container Inspection at America’s Ports," Chapters, in: Harry W. Richardson & Peter Gordon & James E. Moore II (ed.), The Economic Impacts of Terrorist Attacks, chapter 12, Edward Elgar Publishing.
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    Citations

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    Cited by:

    1. Zhang, Chi & Ramirez-Marquez, José Emmanuel & Wang, Jianhui, 2015. "Critical infrastructure protection using secrecy – A discrete simultaneous game," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 242(1), pages 212-221.
    2. Ana Concho & José Ramirez-Marquez, 2012. "Optimal design of container inspection strategies considering multiple objectives via an evolutionary approach," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 196(1), pages 167-187, July.
    3. Chi Zhang & Jose Ramirez-Marquez, 2013. "Protecting critical infrastructures against intentional attacks: a two-stage game with incomplete information," IISE Transactions, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 45(3), pages 244-258.
    4. Yada Zhu & Mingyu Li & Christina Young & Minge Xie & Elsayed Elsayed, 2011. "Impact of measurement error on container inspection policies at port-of-entry," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 187(1), pages 23-43, July.
    5. Zhang, Xiaoge & Mahadevan, Sankaran & Sankararaman, Shankar & Goebel, Kai, 2018. "Resilience-based network design under uncertainty," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 364-379.
    6. Ramirez-Marquez, Jose E. & Rocco S, Claudio M. & Levitin, Gregory, 2009. "Optimal protection of general source–sink networks via evolutionary techniques," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 94(10), pages 1676-1684.
    7. Ramirez-Marquez, José Emmanuel & Li, Qing, 2018. "Locating and protecting facilities from intentional attacks using secrecyAuthor-Name: Zhang, Chi," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 51-62.
    8. A Carrigy & J E Ramirez-Marquez & C M Rocco, 2010. "Multistate stochastic network interdiction via reliability modelling and evolutionary optimization," Journal of Risk and Reliability, , vol. 224(1), pages 27-42, March.
    9. Stuart Weele & Jose Ramirez-Marquez, 2011. "Optimization of container inspection strategy via a genetic algorithm," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 187(1), pages 229-247, July.
    10. Dreiding, Rebecca A. & McLay, Laura A., 2013. "An integrated model for screening cargo containers," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 230(1), pages 181-189.
    11. Romero, Pablo & Graneri, Jorge & Viera, Omar & Moscatelli, Sandro & Tansini, Libertad, 2016. "A Multi-Tree Committee to assist port-of-entry inspection decisions," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 253(1), pages 170-177.
    12. Ramirez-Marquez, José Emmanuel & Rocco S., Claudio M., 2009. "Stochastic network interdiction optimization via capacitated network reliability modeling and probabilistic solution discovery," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 94(5), pages 913-921.
    13. Concho, Ana Lisbeth & Ramirez-Marquez, Jose Emmanuel, 2010. "An evolutionary algorithm for port-of-entry security optimization considering sensor thresholds," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 95(3), pages 255-266.
    14. Laura McLay & Jamie Lloyd & Emily Niman, 2011. "Interdicting nuclear material on cargo containers using knapsack problem models," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 187(1), pages 185-205, July.
    15. Stuart Van Weele & Jose Emmanuel Ramirez-Marquez, 2012. "Optimization of inspection for dual contraband using a genetic algorithm," Journal of Risk and Reliability, , vol. 226(5), pages 508-525, October.
    16. Ramirez-Marquez, Jose E. & Rocco, Claudio M. & Levitin, Gregory, 2011. "Optimal network protection against diverse interdictor strategies," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 96(3), pages 374-382.
    17. McLay, Laura A. & Dreiding, Rebecca, 2012. "Multilevel, threshold-based policies for cargo container security screening systems," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 220(2), pages 522-529.
    18. Li, Yulong & Lin, Jie & Zhang, Chi & Zhu, Huaxing & Zeng, Saixing & Sun, Chengshaung, 2022. "Joint optimization of structure and protection of interdependent infrastructure networks," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 218(PB).
    19. Yan, Xihong & Nie, Xiaofeng, 2016. "Optimal placement of multiple types of detectors under a small vessel attack threat to port security," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 71-94.
    20. Jason R. W. Merrick & Laura A. McLay, 2010. "Is Screening Cargo Containers for Smuggled Nuclear Threats Worthwhile?," Decision Analysis, INFORMS, vol. 7(2), pages 155-171, June.
    21. Rocco S., Claudio M. & Emmanuel Ramirez-Marquez, José & Salazar A., Daniel E., 2010. "Bi and tri-objective optimization in the deterministic network interdiction problem," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 95(8), pages 887-896.
    22. Endre Boros & Noam Goldberg & Paul Kantor & Jonathan Word, 2011. "Optimal sequential inspection policies," Annals of Operations Research, Springer, vol. 187(1), pages 89-119, July.

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