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Heterogeneous 1-out-of-N warm standby systems with online checkpointing

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  • Levitin, Gregory
  • Xing, Liudong
  • Dai, Yuanshun

Abstract

As a common practice in computing-related applications, checkpointing is used to facilitate an effective system recovery in the case of the occurrence of failures. Checkpoints are performed to save data associated with completed portion of a mission task. In the case of a failure, through rollback and data retrieval the system can resume the mission task from the last successful checkpoint instead of from the very beginning of the mission, saving time and cost. This paper models and optimizes 1-out-of-N: G warm standby systems subject to uneven online checkpointing, where checkpoints can be performed in parallel with execution of the primary mission task for improving efficiency of computing elements. Both data checkpoint and retrieval take dynamic time, depending on the amount of work completed. System elements can be heterogeneous in the time-to-failure distribution, performance, and level of readiness to take over the mission task during the warm standby mode. A numerical method is first suggested to evaluate mission performance indices including mission success probability, expected mission completion time, and expected mission operation cost. Examples are provided to demonstrate influence of mission deadline and element resource sharing parameter (i.e., CPU time distribution between the checkpointing procedure and the primary mission task) on the mission performance metrics. The optimal checkpoint distribution and optimal element activation sequencing problems are considered for different combinations of optimization objectives and constraints. A co-optimization problem is further addressed, which aims to find the optimal combination of checkpoint distribution and element activation sequence. Example optimization solutions illustrate the tradeoff among the three mission requirements (reliability, completion time, operation cost) for warm standby systems with online checkpoints.

Suggested Citation

  • Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Dai, Yuanshun, 2018. "Heterogeneous 1-out-of-N warm standby systems with online checkpointing," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 127-136.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:reensy:v:169:y:2018:i:c:p:127-136
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2017.08.011
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Dai, Yuanshun, 2014. "Optimal component loading in 1-out-of-N cold standby systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 127(C), pages 58-64.
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    4. Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Dai, Yuanshun, 2013. "Cold-standby sequencing optimization considering mission cost," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 28-34.
    5. Qingqing Zhai & Rui Peng & Liudong Xing & Jun Yang, 2013. "Binary decision diagram-based reliability evaluation of k-out-of-(n + k) warm standby systems subject to fault-level coverage," Journal of Risk and Reliability, , vol. 227(5), pages 540-548, October.
    6. Eryilmaz, Serkan, 2011. "The behavior of warm standby components with respect to a coherent system," Statistics & Probability Letters, Elsevier, vol. 81(8), pages 1319-1325, August.
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    Cited by:

    1. Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Dai, Yuanshun, 2024. "Allocation and activation of resource constrained shock-exposed components in heterogeneous 1-out-of-n standby system," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    2. Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Dai, Yuanshun, 2018. "Co-residence based data vulnerability vs. security in cloud computing system with random server assignment," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 267(2), pages 676-686.
    3. Wu, Hui & Li, Yan-Fu & Bérenguer, Christophe, 2020. "Optimal inspection and maintenance for a repairable k-out-of-n: G warm standby system," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    4. Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Haim, Hanoch Ben & Dai, Yuanshun, 2019. "Optimal structure of series system with 1-out-of-n warm standby subsystems performing operation and rescue functions," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 188(C), pages 523-531.
    5. Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Dai, Yuanshun, 2022. "Heterogeneous 1-out-of-n standby systems with limited unit operation time," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    6. Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Dai, Yuanshun, 2023. "Predetermined standby mode transfers in 1-out-of-N systems with resource-constrained elements," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 229(C).
    7. Jia, Heping & Peng, Rui & Yang, Li & Wu, Tianyi & Liu, Dunnan & Li, Yanbin, 2022. "Reliability evaluation of demand-based warm standby systems with capacity storage," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 218(PA).
    8. Ma, Xiaoyang & Liu, Bin & Yang, Li & Peng, Rui & Zhang, Xiaodong, 2020. "Reliability analysis and condition-based maintenance optimization for a warm standby cooling system," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    9. Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Luo, Liang, 2019. "Joint optimal checkpointing and rejuvenation policy for real-time computing tasks," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 182(C), pages 63-72.
    10. Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Dai, Yuanshun, 2022. "Optimal sequencing of elements activation in 1-out-of-n warm standby system with storage," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    11. Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Dai, Yuanshun, 2023. "Co-optimizing component allocation and activation sequence in heterogeneous 1-out-of-n standby system exposed to shocks," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).
    12. Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Xiang, Yanping, 2020. "Optimizing software rejuvenation policy for tasks with periodic inspections and time limitation," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    13. Liu, Baoliang & Wen, Yanqing & Qiu, Qingan & Shi, Haiyan & Chen, Jianhui, 2022. "Reliability analysis for multi-state systems under K-mixed redundancy strategy considering switching failure," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    14. Levitin, Gregory & Xing, Liudong & Ben-Haim, Hanoch, 2018. "Optimizing software rejuvenation policy for real time tasks," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 202-208.

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