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Vulnerability of industrial facilities to attacks with improvised explosive devices aimed at triggering domino scenarios

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  • Landucci, Gabriele
  • Reniers, Genserik
  • Cozzani, Valerio
  • Salzano, Ernesto

Abstract

Process- and chemical plants may constitute a critical target for a terrorist attack. In the present study, the analysis of industrial accidents induced by intentional acts of interference is carried out focusing on accident chains triggered by attacks with home-made (improvised) explosives. The effects of blast waves caused by improvised explosive devices are compared with those expected from a net equivalent charge of TNT by using a specific methodology for the assessment of stand-off distances. It is demonstrated that a home-made explosive device has a TNT efficiency comprised between 0.2 and 0.5. The model was applied to a case study, demonstrating the potentiality of improvised explosives in causing accident escalation sequences and severe effects on population and assets. The analysis of the case-study also allowed obtaining suggestions for an adequate security management.

Suggested Citation

  • Landucci, Gabriele & Reniers, Genserik & Cozzani, Valerio & Salzano, Ernesto, 2015. "Vulnerability of industrial facilities to attacks with improvised explosive devices aimed at triggering domino scenarios," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 53-62.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:reensy:v:143:y:2015:i:c:p:53-62
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ress.2015.03.004
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Reniers, Genserik & Soudan, Karel, 2010. "A game-theoretical approach for reciprocal security-related prevention investment decisions," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 95(1), pages 1-9.
    2. Tugnoli, Alessandro & Cozzani, Valerio & Di Padova, Annamaria & Barbaresi, Tiziana & Tallone, Fabrizio, 2012. "Mitigation of fire damage and escalation by fireproofing: A risk-based strategy," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 25-35.
    3. Salzano, Ernesto & Cozzani, Valerio, 2005. "The analysis of domino accidents triggered by vapor cloud explosions," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 90(2), pages 271-284.
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    Cited by:

    1. Khakzad, Nima & Reniers, Genserik, 2019. "Low-capacity utilization of process plants: A cost-robust approach to tackle man-made domino effects," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    2. Argenti, Francesca & Landucci, Gabriele & Reniers, Genserik & Cozzani, Valerio, 2018. "Vulnerability assessment of chemical facilities to intentional attacks based on Bayesian Network," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 515-530.
    3. Chen, Chao & Yang, Ming & Reniers, Genserik, 2021. "A dynamic stochastic methodology for quantifying HAZMAT storage resilience," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    4. Zhang, Laobing & Reniers, Genserik & Chen, Bin & Qiu, Xiaogang, 2019. "CCP game: A game theoretical model for improving the scheduling of chemical cluster patrolling," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    5. IAIANI, Matteo & TUGNOLI, Alessandro & BONVICINI, Sarah & COZZANI, Valerio, 2021. "Analysis of Cybersecurity-related Incidents in the Process Industry," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 209(C).
    6. Matteini, Anita & Argenti, Francesca & Salzano, Ernesto & Cozzani, Valerio, 2019. "A comparative analysis of security risk assessment methodologies for the chemical industry," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    7. Hou, Lei & Wu, Xingguang & Wu, Zhuang & Wu, Shouzhi, 2020. "Pattern identification and risk prediction of domino effect based on data mining methods for accidents occurred in the tank farm," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    8. ZHAI, Cheng-lin & CHEN, Xiao-wei, 2020. "Probability damage calculation of building targets under the missile warhead strike," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 202(C).
    9. Marroni, Giulia & Casini, Leonardo & Bartolucci, Andrea & Kuipers, Sanneke & Casson Moreno, Valeria & Landucci, Gabriele, 2024. "Development of fragility models for process equipment affected by physical security attacks," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 243(C).
    10. Iaiani, Matteo & Sorichetti, Riccardo & Tugnoli, Alessandro & Cozzani, Valerio, 2024. "Modelling standoff distances to prevent escalation in shooting attacks to tanks storing hazardous materials," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    11. Stewart, Mark G. & Netherton, Michael D., 2019. "A probabilistic risk-acceptance model for assessing blast and fragmentation safety hazards," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    12. Qiu, Qingan & Cui, Lirong & Gao, Hongda & Yi, He, 2018. "Optimal allocation of units in sequential probability series systems," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 169(C), pages 351-363.
    13. Li, Xiaofeng & Chen, Guohua & Amyotte, Paul & Khan, Faisal & Alauddin, Mohammad, 2023. "Vulnerability assessment of storage tanks exposed to simultaneous fire and explosion hazards," Reliability Engineering and System Safety, Elsevier, vol. 230(C).

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