IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/jotrge/v85y2020ics0966692319300092.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Estimating the influence of crowding and travel time variability on accessibility to jobs in a large public transport network using smart card big data

Author

Listed:
  • Arbex, Renato
  • Cunha, Claudio B.

Abstract

Accessibility metrics are gaining momentum in public transportation planning and policy-making. However, critical user experience issues such as crowding discomfort and travel time unreliability are still not considered in those accessibility indicators. This paper aims to apply a methodology to build spatiotemporal crowding data and estimate travel time variability in a congested public transport network to improve accessibility calculations. It relies on using multiple big data sources available in most transit systems such as smart card and automatic vehicle location (AVL) data. São Paulo, Brazil, is used as a case study to show the impact of crowding and travel time variability on accessibility to jobs. Our results evidence a population-weighted average reduction of 56.8% in accessibility to jobs in a regular workday morning peak due to crowding discomfort, as well as reductions of 6.2% due to travel time unreliability and 59.2% when both are combined. The findings of this study can be of invaluable help to public transport planners and policymakers, as they show the importance of including both aspects in accessibility indicators for better decision making. Despite some limitations due to data quality and consistency throughout the study period, the proposed approach offers a new way to leverage big data in public transport to enhance policy decisions.

Suggested Citation

  • Arbex, Renato & Cunha, Claudio B., 2020. "Estimating the influence of crowding and travel time variability on accessibility to jobs in a large public transport network using smart card big data," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 85(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:85:y:2020:i:c:s0966692319300092
    DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102671
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0966692319300092
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2020.102671?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Haywood, Luke & Koning, Martin & Monchambert, Guillaume, 2017. "Crowding in public transport: Who cares and why?," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 100(C), pages 215-227.
    2. Boisjoly, Geneviève & El-Geneidy, Ahmed, 2016. "Daily fluctuations in transit and job availability: A comparative assessment of time-sensitive accessibility measures," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 52(C), pages 73-81.
    3. Chen, Xumei & Yu, Lei & Zhang, Yushi & Guo, Jifu, 2009. "Analyzing urban bus service reliability at the stop, route, and network levels," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 43(8), pages 722-734, October.
    4. Birch, Colin P.D. & Oom, Sander P. & Beecham, Jonathan A., 2007. "Rectangular and hexagonal grids used for observation, experiment and simulation in ecology," Ecological Modelling, Elsevier, vol. 206(3), pages 347-359.
    5. Owen, Andrew & Levinson, David M., 2015. "Modeling the commute mode share of transit using continuous accessibility to jobs," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 110-122.
    6. Hörcher, Daniel & Graham, Daniel J. & Anderson, Richard J., 2017. "Crowding cost estimation with large scale smart card and vehicle location data," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 105-125.
    7. Páez, Antonio & Scott, Darren M. & Morency, Catherine, 2012. "Measuring accessibility: positive and normative implementations of various accessibility indicators," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 141-153.
    8. Stewart, Anson F., 2017. "Mapping transit accessibility: Possibilities for public participation," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 150-166.
    9. Liu, Xiaodong & Zhou, Yuan & Rau, Andreas, 2019. "Smart card data-centric replication of the multi-modal public transport system in Singapore," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 76(C), pages 254-264.
    10. Boisjoly, Geneviève & El-Geneidy, Ahmed M., 2017. "How to get there? A critical assessment of accessibility objectives and indicators in metropolitan transportation plans," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 55(C), pages 38-50.
    11. El-Geneidy, Ahmed & Levinson, David & Diab, Ehab & Boisjoly, Genevieve & Verbich, David & Loong, Charis, 2016. "The cost of equity: Assessing transit accessibility and social disparity using total travel cost," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 302-316.
    12. Batarce, Marco & Muñoz, Juan Carlos & Ortúzar, Juan de Dios, 2016. "Valuing crowding in public transport: Implications for cost-benefit analysis," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 358-378.
    13. Bagchi, M. & White, P.R., 2005. "The potential of public transport smart card data," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 12(5), pages 464-474, September.
    14. Iacono, Michael & Krizek, Kevin J. & El-Geneidy, Ahmed, 2010. "Measuring non-motorized accessibility: issues, alternatives, and execution," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 18(1), pages 133-140.
    15. Fayyaz, S. Kiavash & Liu, Xiaoyue Cathy & Porter, Richard J., 2017. "Dynamic transit accessibility and transit gap causality analysis," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 27-39.
    16. Hernandez, Diego, 2018. "Uneven mobilities, uneven opportunities: Social distribution of public transport accessibility to jobs and education in Montevideo," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 67(C), pages 119-125.
    17. Tirachini, Alejandro & Hurtubia, Ricardo & Dekker, Thijs & Daziano, Ricardo A., 2017. "Estimation of crowding discomfort in public transport: Results from Santiago de Chile," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 311-326.
    18. Tirachini, Alejandro & Sun, Lijun & Erath, Alexander & Chakirov, Artem, 2016. "Valuation of sitting and standing in metro trains using revealed preferences," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 47(C), pages 94-104.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Sun, Li & Zhao, Juanjuan & Zhang, Jun & Zhang, Fan & Ye, Kejiang & Xu, Chengzhong, 2024. "Activity-based individual travel regularity exploring with entropy-space K-means clustering using smart card data," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, Elsevier, vol. 636(C).
    2. Erik B Lunke & Nils Fearnley & Jørgen Aarhaug, 2023. "The geography of public transport competitiveness in thirteen medium sized cities," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 50(8), pages 2071-2086, October.
    3. Zhang, Guozheng & Wang, Dianhai & Cai, Zhengyi & Zeng, Jiaqi, 2024. "Competitiveness of public transit considering travel time reliability: A case study for commuter trips in Hangzhou, China," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 114(C).
    4. Denys Ponkratov & Denys Kopytkov & Victor Dolya, 2023. "A comprehensive analysis of the electronic fare collection systems effectiveness implementation on public transit and prospective directions of its application in Ukraine," Technology audit and production reserves, PC TECHNOLOGY CENTER, vol. 4(2(72)), pages 51-54, August.
    5. Lin, Joanne Yuh-Jye & Jenelius, Erik & Cebecauer, Matej & Rubensson, Isak & Chen, Cynthia, 2023. "The equity of public transport crowding exposure," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    6. Rafael H. M. Pereira & Pedro R. Andrade & João Pedro Bazzo Vieira, 2023. "Exploring the time geography of public transport networks with the gtfs2gps package," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 25(3), pages 453-466, July.
    7. Pereira, Rafael H. M. & Andrade, Pedro R. & Bazzo Vieira, João Pedro, 2022. "Exploring the time geography of public transport networks with the gtfs2gps package," SocArXiv qydr6, Center for Open Science.
    8. Guzman, Luis A. & Cantillo-Garcia, Victor A. & Oviedo, Daniel & Arellana, Julian, 2023. "How much is accessibility worth? Utility-based accessibility to evaluate transport policies," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 112(C).
    9. Braga, Carlos Kaue V. & Loureiro, Carlos Felipe Grangeiro & Pereira, Rafael H.M., 2023. "Evaluating the impact of public transport travel time inaccuracy and variability on socio-spatial inequalities in accessibility," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 109(C).
    10. Anson F Stewart & Andrew M Byrd, 2023. "Half-(head)way there: Comparing two methods to account for public transport waiting time in accessibility indicators," Environment and Planning B, , vol. 50(8), pages 2187-2202, October.
    11. Nichols, Aaron & Ryan, Jean & Palmqvist, Carl-William, 2024. "The importance of recurring public transport delays for accessibility and mode choice," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 115(C).
    12. Da Silva, Diego & Klumpenhouwer, Willem & Karner, Alex & Robinson, Mitchell & Liu, Rick & Shalaby, Amer, 2022. "Living on a fare: Modeling and quantifying the effects of fare budgets on transit access and equity," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 101(C).
    13. Uğur Baç, 2020. "An Integrated SWARA-WASPAS Group Decision Making Framework to Evaluate Smart Card Systems for Public Transportation," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 8(10), pages 1-24, October.
    14. Luyu Liu & Adam Porr & Harvey J. Miller, 2023. "Realizable accessibility: evaluating the reliability of public transit accessibility using high-resolution real-time data," Journal of Geographical Systems, Springer, vol. 25(3), pages 429-451, July.
    15. Yang, Lan & Eom, Sunyong & Suzuki, Tsutomu, 2021. "Measuring railway network performance considering accessibility levels in cities worldwide," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 96(C).
    16. Frank, Laura & Dirks, Nicolas & Walther, Grit, 2021. "Improving rural accessibility by locating multimodal mobility hubs," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Boisjoly, Geneviève & El-Geneidy, Ahmed M., 2017. "The insider: A planners' perspective on accessibility," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 33-43.
    2. Bouscasse, Hélène & de Lapparent, Matthieu, 2019. "Perceived comfort and values of travel time savings in the Rhône-Alpes Region," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 124(C), pages 370-387.
    3. Pereira, Rafael H.M., 2019. "Future accessibility impacts of transport policy scenarios: Equity and sensitivity to travel time thresholds for Bus Rapid Transit expansion in Rio de Janeiro," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 321-332.
    4. Aghabayk, Kayvan & Esmailpour, Javad & Shiwakoti, Nirajan, 2021. "Effects of COVID-19 on rail passengers’ crowding perceptions," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 186-202.
    5. Stępniak, Marcin & Pritchard, John P. & Geurs, Karst T. & Goliszek, Sławomir, 2019. "The impact of temporal resolution on public transport accessibility measurement: Review and case study in Poland," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 8-24.
    6. Chen, Xin & Jiang, Yu & Bláfoss Ingvardson, Jesper & Luo, Xia & Anker Nielsen, Otto, 2023. "I can board, but I’d rather wait: Active boarding delay choice behaviour analysis using smart card data in metro systems," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 174(C).
    7. Moyano, Amparo & Martínez, Héctor S. & Coronado, José M., 2018. "From network to services: A comparative accessibility analysis of the Spanish high-speed rail system," Transport Policy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 51-60.
    8. Márquez, Luis & Alfonso A, Julieth V. & Poveda, Juan C., 2019. "In-vehicle crowding: Integrating tangible attributes, attitudes, and perceptions in a choice context between BRT and metro," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 130(C), pages 452-465.
    9. Weckström, Christoffer & Kujala, Rainer & Mladenović, Miloš N. & Saramäki, Jari, 2019. "Assessment of large-scale transitions in public transport networks using open timetable data: case of Helsinki metro extension," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 79(C), pages 1-1.
    10. Junya Kumagai & Mihoko Wakamatsu & Shunsuke Managi, 2021. "Do commuters adapt to in-vehicle crowding on trains?," Transportation, Springer, vol. 48(5), pages 2357-2399, October.
    11. Tirachini, Alejandro & Hurtubia, Ricardo & Dekker, Thijs & Daziano, Ricardo A., 2017. "Estimation of crowding discomfort in public transport: Results from Santiago de Chile," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 103(C), pages 311-326.
    12. David Levinson & Hao Wu, 2020. "Towards a general theory of access," Working Papers 2022-01, University of Minnesota: Nexus Research Group.
    13. Hörcher, Daniel & Graham, Daniel J. & Anderson, Richard J., 2017. "Crowding cost estimation with large scale smart card and vehicle location data," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 105-125.
    14. Basnak, Paul & Giesen, Ricardo & Muñoz, Juan Carlos, 2022. "Estimation of crowding factors for public transport during the COVID-19 pandemic in Santiago, Chile," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 140-156.
    15. Yu, Chao & Li, Haiying & Xu, Xinyue & Liu, Jun, 2020. "Data-driven approach for solving the route choice problem with traveling backward behavior in congested metro systems," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    16. Shi, Yuji & Blainey, Simon & Sun, Chao & Jing, Peng, 2020. "A literature review on accessibility using bibliometric analysis techniques," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 87(C).
    17. Yap, Menno & Cats, Oded, 2021. "Taking the path less travelled: Valuation of denied boarding in crowded public transport systems," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 1-13.
    18. Barboza, Matheus H.C. & Carneiro, Mariana S. & Falavigna, Claudio & Luz, Gregório & Orrico, Romulo, 2021. "Balancing time: Using a new accessibility measure in Rio de Janeiro," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 90(C).
    19. Hörcher, Daniel & Tirachini, Alejandro, 2021. "A review of public transport economics," Economics of Transportation, Elsevier, vol. 25(C).
    20. Fielbaum, Andrés & Jara-Diaz, Sergio, 2021. "Assessment of the socio-spatial effects of urban transport investment using Google Maps API," Journal of Transport Geography, Elsevier, vol. 91(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:jotrge:v:85:y:2020:i:c:s0966692319300092. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/journal-of-transport-geography .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.