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Produce to eat or sell: Panel data structural equation modeling of market participation and food dietary diversity in Zambia

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  • Mulenga, Brian P.
  • Ngoma, Hambulo
  • Nkonde, Chewe

Abstract

With only 10 years before the 2030 Sustainable Development Goal of Zero Hunger, the global community is in a race to address mounting food and nutrition insecurity among the over 820 million people in the World. This is more profound for developing countries like Zambia where food and nutrition insecurity remain huge development challenges. Output market participation by smallholder rural households has been touted as a possible pathway to improving dietary diversity in addition to production diversity. This study applied structural equation modeling (SEM) techniques to a nationally representative, two-wave household-level panel data of over 6000 rural smallholder farmers in Zambia to assess the extent to which participation in output markets affects dietary diversity and how this effect changed between 2015 and 2019. We measure dietary diversity using a household dietary diversity score (HDDS) and market participation using household commercialization index. We find that market participation enhances household dietary diversity, with the effect being stronger in 2019 than in 2015. Besides reinforcing the importance of market access and participation in improving household nutritional outcomes, our finding demonstrate the increasing role of markets in the nutrition of rural households. Another key result is that household production diversity improves dietary diversity. Taken together, these findings imply that nutrition sensitive agricultural interventions should concomitantly help improve market access and participation for smallholder farmers, and promote a broader food group diversification at the farm level.

Suggested Citation

  • Mulenga, Brian P. & Ngoma, Hambulo & Nkonde, Chewe, 2021. "Produce to eat or sell: Panel data structural equation modeling of market participation and food dietary diversity in Zambia," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:jfpoli:v:102:y:2021:i:c:s0306919221000130
    DOI: 10.1016/j.foodpol.2021.102035
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    2. Kwon, Daye & Myers, Robert J. & Mason, Nicole M., 2022. "How do input subsidy programs affect smallholder households’ dietary diversity? Evidence from Zambia," 2022 Annual Meeting, July 31-August 2, Anaheim, California 322493, Agricultural and Applied Economics Association.
    3. Nandi, Ravi & Nedumaran, Swamikannu, 2021. "Disentangling the Impact Pathways of Tank Irrigation to Rural Food Security: Farm-Level Study from Telangana, India," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315150, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    4. Usman, Muhammed A. & Haile, Mekbib G., 2022. "Market access, household dietary diversity and food security: Evidence from Eastern Africa," Food Policy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C).
    5. Simphiwe Innocentia Hlatshwayo & Temitope Oluwaseun Ojo & Albert Thembinkosi Modi & Tafadzwanashe Mabhaudhi & Rob Slotow & Mjabuliseni Simon Cloapas Ngidi, 2022. "The Determinants of Market Participation and Its Effect on Food Security of the Rural Smallholder Farmers in Limpopo and Mpumalanga Provinces, South Africa," Agriculture, MDPI, vol. 12(7), pages 1-16, July.
    6. Chisanga, Brian & Kassie, Menale & Bulte, Erwin, 2021. "Impact of the Fall Armyworm (FAW) on the Nutrition Security of Children and Mothers in Eastern Uganda," 2021 Conference, August 17-31, 2021, Virtual 315223, International Association of Agricultural Economists.
    7. Marcia F. Kwaramba & Srinivas Sridharan & Felix T. Mavondo, 2023. "Drivers and outcomes of smallholder market participation in Sub-Saharan Africa," Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, Springer, vol. 51(5), pages 1165-1183, September.
    8. Zheng, Hongyun & Ma, Wanglin, 2023. "Impact of agricultural commercialization on dietary diversity and vulnerability to poverty: Insights from Chinese rural households," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 80(C), pages 558-569.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Household dietary diversity; Market participation; Structural equation modeling; Panel data; Zambia;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C33 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Multiple or Simultaneous Equation Models; Multiple Variables - - - Models with Panel Data; Spatio-temporal Models
    • Q02 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - General - - - Commodity Market
    • Q12 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Agriculture - - - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets
    • Q23 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Renewable Resources and Conservation - - - Forestry

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