IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/intman/v27y2021i2s1075425321000314.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

International governance mode choice: Evidence from Brazilian franchisors

Author

Listed:
  • Bretas, Vanessa P.G.
  • Alon, Ilan
  • Rocha, Thelma Valéria
  • Galetti, Jefferson R.B.

Abstract

The purpose of this article is to test a novel, integrative theory of governance mode selection in the context of international franchising from Brazil. Given the Brazilian emerging market context, we added and tested another variable in the model relating to environmental distance between the home (Brazil) and host countries. To test the theory, we employed two logistic regression models and representative data from the Brazilian Franchising Association in addition to the World Bank's Doing Business index, and the CEPII (Centre d'études prospectives et d'informations internationales). Findings show that three factors influence Brazilian franchisors' choices regarding international governance modes: the environmental uncertainty of the host countries, their behavioral uncertainty, and the franchisors' financial capacity. However, the environmental distance does not influence internationalization strategies of Brazilian firms. Emerging markets firms' governance modes of entry can be adequately explained with the existing model despite contextual differences.

Suggested Citation

  • Bretas, Vanessa P.G. & Alon, Ilan & Rocha, Thelma Valéria & Galetti, Jefferson R.B., 2021. "International governance mode choice: Evidence from Brazilian franchisors," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 27(2).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:intman:v:27:y:2021:i:2:s1075425321000314
    DOI: 10.1016/j.intman.2021.100851
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1075425321000314
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.intman.2021.100851?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shane, Scott A., 1996. "Why franchise companies expand overseas," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 11(2), pages 73-88, March.
    2. Josef Windsperger & Eva Kocsis & Miklos Rosta, 2009. "Exploring the Relationship Between Decision and Ownership Rights in Joint Ventures," International Studies of Management & Organization, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 39(4), pages 43-59, January.
    3. Robert E. Hoskisson & Mike Wright & Igor Filatotchev & Mike W. Peng, 2013. "Emerging Multinationals from Mid-Range Economies: The Influence of Institutions and Factor Markets," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 50(7), pages 1295-1321, November.
    4. Anil, Ibrahim & Tatoglu, Ekrem & Ozkasap, Gaye, 2014. "Ownership and market entry mode choices of emerging country multinationals in a transition country: evidence from Turkish multinationals in Romania," Journal of East European Management Studies, Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG, vol. 19(4), pages 413-452.
    5. Dildar Hussain & Marijana Sreckovic & Josef Windsperger, 2018. "An organizational capability perspective on multi-unit franchising," Post-Print hal-02001257, HAL.
    6. M Krishna Erramilli & Sanjeev Agarwal & Chekitan S Dev, 2002. "Choice Between Non-Equity Entry Modes: An Organizational Capability Perspective," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 33(2), pages 223-242, June.
    7. Jonathan Doh & Suzana Rodrigues & Ayse Saka-Helmhout & Mona Makhija, 2017. "International business responses to institutional voids," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 48(3), pages 293-307, April.
    8. Snejina Michailova & Siah Hwee Ang, 2008. "Institutional Explanations of Cross-border Alliance Modes: The Case of Emerging Economies Firms," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 48(5), pages 551-576, November.
    9. Mayer, Thierry & Zignago, Soledad, 2006. "Notes on CEPII’s distances measures," MPRA Paper 26469, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    10. Douglass C. North, 1991. "Institutions," Journal of Economic Perspectives, American Economic Association, vol. 5(1), pages 97-112, Winter.
    11. Windsperger, Josef, 2004. "Centralization of franchising networks: evidence from the Austrian franchise sector," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 57(12), pages 1361-1369, December.
    12. Rosado-Serrano, Alexander & Paul, Justin & Dikova, Desislava, 2018. "International franchising: A literature review and research agenda," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 238-257.
    13. Ilan Alon, 2006. "When is Master International Franchising a Preferred Mode of Entry?," Springer Books, in: Service Franchising, chapter 7, pages 103-119, Springer.
    14. Rozenn Perrigot & Gérard Cliquet & M. Mesbah, 2004. "Possible applications of survival analysis in franchising research," Post-Print halshs-00069131, HAL.
    15. Desislava Dikova & Arjen van Witteloostuijn, 2007. "Foreign direct investment mode choice: entry and establishment modes in transition economies," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 38(6), pages 1013-1033, November.
    16. James G. Combs & David J. Ketchen Jr & Jeremy C. Short, 2011. "Franchising Research: Major Milestones, New Directions, and its Future within Entrepreneurship," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 35(3), pages 413-425, May.
    17. Francine Lafontaine & Kathryn L. Shaw, 2005. "Targeting Managerial Control: Evidence from Franchising," RAND Journal of Economics, The RAND Corporation, vol. 36(1), pages 131-150, Spring.
    18. Farok J Contractor & Sumit K Kundu, 1998. "Modal Choice in a World of Alliances: Analyzing Organizational Forms in the International Hotel Sector," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 29(2), pages 325-356, June.
    19. Karin Fladmoe-Lindquist & Laurent L. Jacque, 1995. "Control Modes in International Service Operations: The Propensity to Franchise," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 41(7), pages 1238-1249, July.
    20. Francine Lafontaine, 2014. "Franchising: Directions for Future Research," International Journal of the Economics of Business, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 21(1), pages 21-25, February.
    21. Ilan Alon & Dianne H. B. Welsh & Cecilia M. Falbe, 2010. "Franchising in Emerging Markets," Palgrave Macmillan Books, in: Franchising Globally, chapter 1, pages 11-35, Palgrave Macmillan.
    22. Yigang Pan & David K Tse, 2000. "The Hierarchical Model of Market Entry Modes," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 31(4), pages 535-554, December.
    23. Alon, Ilan & Child, John & Li, Shaomin & McIntyre, John R., 2011. "Globalization of Chinese Firms Theoretical Universalism or Particularism," Management and Organization Review, Cambridge University Press, vol. 7(02), pages 191-200, July.
    24. Desislava Dikova & Keith Brouthers, 2016. "Erratum to: International Establishment Mode Choice: Past, Present and Future," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 56(5), pages 781-781, October.
    25. Ilan Alon & John Anderson & Ziaul Haque Munim & Alice Ho, 2018. "A review of the internationalization of Chinese enterprises," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 35(3), pages 573-605, September.
    26. Christopher F Baum, 2006. "An Introduction to Modern Econometrics using Stata," Stata Press books, StataCorp LP, number imeus, March.
    27. Jell-Ojobor, Maria & Windsperger, Josef, 2014. "The Choice of Governance Modes of International Franchise Firms — Development of an Integrative Model," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 20(2), pages 153-187.
    28. Gérard Cliquet & George Hendrikse & Mika Tuunanen & Josef Windsperger, 2007. "Economics And Management of Networks: Franchising, Strategic Alliances, And Cooperatives," Post-Print halshs-00188703, HAL.
    29. Fladmoe-Lindquist, Karin, 1996. "International franchising: Capabilities and development," Journal of Business Venturing, Elsevier, vol. 11(5), pages 419-438, September.
    30. William E. Gillis & James G. Combs & David J. Ketchen Jr., 2014. "Using Resource–Based Theory to Help Explain Plural Form Franchising," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 38(3), pages 449-472, May.
    31. Jean-François Hennart & Arjen HL Slangen, 2015. "Yes, we really do need more entry mode studies! A commentary on Shaver," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 46(1), pages 114-122, January.
    32. Alvaro Cuervo-Cazurra & Mehmet Genc, 2008. "Transforming disadvantages into advantages: developing-country MNEs in the least developed countries," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 39(6), pages 957-979, September.
    33. Michael, Steven C., 2000. "The effect of organizational form on quality: the case of franchising," Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Elsevier, vol. 43(3), pages 295-318, November.
    34. Dildar Hussain & Marijana Sreckovic & Josef Windsperger, 2018. "An organizational capability perspective on multi-unit franchising," Small Business Economics, Springer, vol. 50(4), pages 717-727, April.
    35. Sjoerd Beugelsdijk & Björn Ambos & Phillip C Nell, 2018. "Conceptualizing and measuring distance in international business research: Recurring questions and best practice guidelines," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 49(9), pages 1113-1137, December.
    36. Klaus E. Meyer & Saul Estrin & Sumon Kumar Bhaumik & Mike W. Peng, 2009. "Institutions, resources, and entry strategies in emerging economies," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(1), pages 61-80, January.
    37. Ilan Alon & John Child & Shaomin Li & John R. McIntyre, 2011. "Globalization of Chinese Firms: Theoretical Universalism or Particularism," Management and Organization Review, The International Association for Chinese Management Research, vol. 7(2), pages 191-200, July.
    38. Hoffman, Richard C. & Munemo, Jonathan & Watson, Sharon, 2016. "International Franchise Expansion: The Role of Institutions and Transaction Costs," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 22(2), pages 101-114.
    39. Mike Wright & Igor Filatotchev & Robert E. Hoskisson & Mike W. Peng, 2005. "Strategy Research in Emerging Economies: Challenging the Conventional Wisdom," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 42(1), pages 1-33, January.
    40. Harry G Barkema & Freek Vermeulen, 1997. "What Differences in the Cultural Backgrounds of Partners Are Detrimental for International Joint Ventures?," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 28(4), pages 845-864, December.
    41. Dhruv Grewal & Gopalkrishnan R. Iyer & Rajshekhar (Raj) G. Javalgi & Lori Radulovich, 2011. "Franchise Partnership and International Expansion: A Conceptual Framework and Research Propositions," Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, , vol. 35(3), pages 533-557, May.
    42. Gaur, Ajai S. & Kumar, Vikas & Singh, Deeksha, 2014. "Institutions, resources, and internationalization of emerging economy firms," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 49(1), pages 12-20.
    43. Anil, Ibrahim & Tatoglu, Ekrem & Ozkasap, Gaye, 2014. "Ownership and market entry mode choices of emerging country multinationals in a transition country: evidence from Turkish multinationals in Romania," Journal of East European Management Studies, Rainer Hampp Verlag, vol. 19(4), pages 413-452.
    44. Rozenn Perrigot & Begona López-Fernández & S. Eroglu, 2013. "Intangible Resources and Plural Form as Drivers of Franchise Internationalization: Examination within a Two-Country Perspective," Post-Print halshs-00863396, HAL.
    45. Gabriel RG Benito & Bent Petersen & Lawrence S Welch, 2009. "Towards more realistic conceptualisations of foreign operation modes," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 40(9), pages 1455-1470, December.
    46. Estrin, Saul & Meyer, Klaus E. & Pelletier, Adeline, 2018. "Emerging Economy MNEs: How does home country munificence matter?," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 53(4), pages 514-528.
    47. J R Brown & C S Dev & Z Zhou, 2003. "Broadening the foreign market entry mode decision: separating ownership and control," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 34(5), pages 473-488, September.
    48. Drogendijk, Rian & Slangen, Arjen, 2006. "Hofstede, Schwartz, or managerial perceptions? The effects of different cultural distance measures on establishment mode choices by multinational enterprises," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 15(4), pages 361-380, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Yameng Li & Ruosu Gao & Jingyi Wang, 2021. "Determinants of EMNEs’ Entry Mode Decision with Environmental Volatility Issues: A Review and Research Agenda," JRFM, MDPI, vol. 14(10), pages 1-22, October.
    2. Jell-Ojobor, Maria & Alon, Ilan & Windsperger, Josef, 2022. "The choice of master international franchising – A modified transaction cost model," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(2).
    3. Rosado-Serrano, Alexander & Navarro-García, Antonio, 2023. "Alternative modes of entry in franchising," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 157(C).
    4. Bretas, Vanessa P.G. & Galetti, Jefferson R.B. & Alon, Ilan & Rocha, Thelma Valéria, 2024. "Do stakeholders matter in entry mode decisions? An investigation of international franchise governance mode choice," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Rosado-Serrano, Alexander & Paul, Justin & Dikova, Desislava, 2018. "International franchising: A literature review and research agenda," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 85(C), pages 238-257.
    2. Jell-Ojobor, Maria & Windsperger, Josef, 2014. "The Choice of Governance Modes of International Franchise Firms — Development of an Integrative Model," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 20(2), pages 153-187.
    3. Jell-Ojobor, Maria & Hajdini, Ilir & Windsperger, Josef, 2022. "Governance of international franchise networks: Combining value creation and value appropriation perspectives," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 267-279.
    4. Liedong, Tahiru Azaaviele & Peprah, Augustine Awuah & Amartey, Abednego Okoe & Rajwani, Tazeeb, 2020. "Institutional voids and firms' resource commitment in emerging markets: A review and future research agenda," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 26(3).
    5. Jell-Ojobor, Maria & Alon, Ilan & Windsperger, Josef, 2022. "The choice of master international franchising – A modified transaction cost model," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(2).
    6. Trąpczyński, Piotr & Halaszovich, Tilo F. & Piaskowska, Dorota, 2020. "The role of perceived institutional distance in foreign ownership level decisions of new MNEs," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 108(C), pages 435-449.
    7. Keith D. Brouthers & Liang Chen & Sali Li & Noman Shaheer, 2022. "Charting new courses to enter foreign markets: Conceptualization, theoretical framework, and research directions on non-traditional entry modes," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 53(9), pages 2088-2115, December.
    8. Canabal, Anne & White III, George O., 2008. "Entry mode research: Past and future," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 17(3), pages 267-284, June.
    9. Fuentelsaz, Lucio & Garrido, Elisabet & Maicas, Juan P., 2020. "The effect of informal and formal institutions on foreign market entry selection and performance," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 26(2).
    10. Xie, En & Reddy, K.S. & Liang, Jie, 2017. "Country-specific determinants of cross-border mergers and acquisitions: A comprehensive review and future research directions," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 52(2), pages 127-183.
    11. Weber, Clarissa E. & Chahabadi, Dominik & Maurer, Indre, 2020. "Antecedents and performance effect of managerial misperception of institutional differences," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 55(1).
    12. Mike W. Peng & Joyce C. Wang & Nishant Kathuria & Jia Shen & Miranda J. Welbourne Eleazar, 2023. "Toward an institution-based paradigm," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 40(2), pages 353-382, June.
    13. Bretas, Vanessa P.G. & Galetti, Jefferson R.B. & Alon, Ilan & Rocha, Thelma Valéria, 2024. "Do stakeholders matter in entry mode decisions? An investigation of international franchise governance mode choice," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 178(C).
    14. Mazé, Dominique & Chailan, Claude, 2021. "A South-South perspective on emerging economy companies and institutional coevolution: An empirical study of Chinese multinationals in Africa," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 30(4).
    15. Bretas, Vanessa P.G. & Alon, Ilan, 2021. "Franchising research on emerging markets: Bibliometric and content analyses," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 133(C), pages 51-65.
    16. Alon, Ilan & Elia, Stefano & Li, Shaomin, 2020. "Greenfield or M&A? An institutional and learning perspective on the establishment mode choice of Chinese outward investments," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 26(3).
    17. Mike W. Peng & Sergey Lebedev & Cristina O. Vlas & Joyce C. Wang & Jason S. Shay, 2018. "The growth of the firm in (and out of) emerging economies," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 35(4), pages 829-857, December.
    18. Xiaojing Lu & Sebastian Jacques Manuel Boo & Xiaming Liu, 2024. "Is the relationship between institutional distance and subsidiary performance moderated by top management team? Evidence from Chinese multinational enterprises," Palgrave Communications, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 11(1), pages 1-15, December.
    19. Ilir Hajdini, 2024. "Multiple control strategies and franchisor performance: Performance effects of authoritative, contractual, and relational control mechanisms," Journal of Management & Governance, Springer;Accademia Italiana di Economia Aziendale (AIDEA), vol. 28(3), pages 875-904, September.
    20. Foroudi, Pantea & Gupta, Suraksha & Patel, Parth & Batsakis, Georgios & Vaatanen, Juha & Czinkota, Michael, 2023. "The effect of home country characteristics on the internationalization of EMNEs: The moderating role of knowledge stock," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(2).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:intman:v:27:y:2021:i:2:s1075425321000314. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/601266/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.