IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/iburev/v25y2016i1p76-86.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

M&A and innovation: The role of integration and cultural differences—A central European targets perspective

Author

Listed:
  • Bauer, Florian
  • Matzler, Kurt
  • Wolf, Stefan

Abstract

Cultural differences are an important issue for cross-border M&A. Empirical evidence for the impact of cultural differences on M&A performance is mixed. A major reason for these inconclusive results relies on integration. One main motive for cross-border transactions is the acquisition of innovative capabilities. In a study of innovation-driven M&A in the German-speaking part of Europe, we find different effects of human and task integration on the innovation outcome after the transaction. While human integration (i.e., the creation of a shared identity and satisfaction among the employees from both organizations) is rather destructive, task integration (i.e., the transfer and sharing of resources and capabilities) is beneficial for innovation output. Furthermore, the integration-innovation performance relationship is moderated by national cultural differences. While national cultural differences have a downward curvilinear slope moderating the effect of human integration to innovation, we find a clear inverted U-shaped slope moderating the effect for task integration. Both effects indicate that cultural similarity is more beneficial in the case of innovation-driven M&A with targets in Central Europe.

Suggested Citation

  • Bauer, Florian & Matzler, Kurt & Wolf, Stefan, 2016. "M&A and innovation: The role of integration and cultural differences—A central European targets perspective," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 76-86.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:iburev:v:25:y:2016:i:1:p:76-86
    DOI: 10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.07.010
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969593114001152
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.ibusrev.2014.07.010?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Ingmar Björkman & Günter K Stahl & Eero Vaara, 2007. "Cultural differences and capability transfer in cross-border acquisitions: the mediating roles of capability complementarity, absorptive capacity, and social integration," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 38(4), pages 658-672, July.
    2. Maurizio Zollo & Harbir Singh, 2004. "Deliberate learning in corporate acquisitions: post‐acquisition strategies and integration capability in U.S. bank mergers," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(13), pages 1233-1256, December.
    3. Hitt, Michael A. & Franklin, Victor & Zhu, Hong, 2006. "Culture, institutions and international strategy," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 12(2), pages 222-234, June.
    4. Bruno Cassiman & Massimo G. Colombo (ed.), 2006. "Mergers and Acquisitions," Books, Edward Elgar Publishing, number 4072.
    5. Oded Shenkar, 2001. "Cultural Distance Revisited: Towards a More Rigorous Conceptualization and Measurement of Cultural Differences," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 32(3), pages 519-535, September.
    6. Adam B. Jaffe & Manuel Trajtenberg, 2005. "Patents, Citations, and Innovations: A Window on the Knowledge Economy," MIT Press Books, The MIT Press, edition 1, volume 1, number 026260065x, April.
    7. repec:fth:harver:1473 is not listed on IDEAS
    8. Julian Birkinshaw & Henrik Bresman & Robert Nobel, 2010. "Knowledge transfer in international acquisitions: A retrospective," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 41(1), pages 21-26, January.
    9. Bertrand, Olivier & Zuniga, Pluvia, 2006. "R&D and M&A: Are cross-border M&A different? An investigation on OECD countries," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Elsevier, vol. 24(2), pages 401-423, March.
    10. Cartwright, Sue & Cooper, Cary L., 1992. "Mergers and Acquisitions," Elsevier Monographs, Elsevier, edition 1, number 9780750601443.
    11. Bruce A. Blonigen & Christopher T. Taylor, 2000. "R&D Intensity and Acquisitions in High‐Technology Industries: Evidence from the US Electronic and Electrical Equipment Industries," Journal of Industrial Economics, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 48(1), pages 47-70, March.
    12. Kendall Roth & David M Schweiger & Allen J Morrison, 1991. "Global Strategy Implementation at the Business Unit Level: Operational Capabilities and Administrative Mechanisms," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 22(3), pages 369-402, September.
    13. Bruce Kogut & Harbir Singh, 1988. "The Effect of National Culture on the Choice of Entry Mode," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 19(3), pages 411-432, September.
    14. Harrison, David A. & McLaughlin, Mary E. & Coalter, Terry M., 1996. "Context, Cognition, and Common Method Variance: Psychometric and Verbal Protocol Evidence," Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, Elsevier, vol. 68(3), pages 246-261, December.
    15. Marianna Makri & Michael A. Hitt & Peter J. Lane, 2010. "Complementary technologies, knowledge relatedness, and invention outcomes in high technology mergers and acquisitions," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 31(6), pages 602-628, June.
    16. Julian Birkinshaw & Henrik Bresman & Lars Håkanson, 2000. "Managing the Post‐acquisition Integration Process: How the Human Iintegration and Task Integration Processes Interact to Foster Value Creation," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(3), pages 395-425, May.
    17. Gautam Ahuja & Riitta Katila, 2001. "Technological acquisitions and the innovation performance of acquiring firms: a longitudinal study," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 22(3), pages 197-220, March.
    18. Shimizu, Katsuhiko & Hitt, Michael A. & Vaidyanath, Deepa & Pisano, Vincenzo, 2004. "Theoretical foundations of cross-border mergers and acquisitions: A review of current research and recommendations for the future," Journal of International Management, Elsevier, vol. 10(3), pages 307-353.
    19. Bradley L Kirkman & Kevin B Lowe & Cristina B Gibson, 2006. "A quarter century of Culture's Consequences: a review of empirical research incorporating Hofstede's cultural values framework," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 37(3), pages 285-320, May.
    20. Kimberly M. Ellis & Taco H. Reus & Bruce T. Lamont, 2009. "The effects of procedural and informational justice in the integration of related acquisitions," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(2), pages 137-161, February.
    21. Cloodt, Myriam & Hagedoorn, John & Van Kranenburg, Hans, 2006. "Mergers and acquisitions: Their effect on the innovative performance of companies in high-tech industries," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 642-654, June.
    22. Henrik Bresman & Julian Birkinshaw & Robert Nobel, 1999. "Knowledge Transfer in International Acquisitions," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 30(3), pages 439-462, September.
    23. Srikanth Paruchuri & Atul Nerkar & Donald C. Hambrick, 2006. "Acquisition Integration and Productivity Losses in the Technical Core: Disruption of Inventors in Acquired Companies," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 17(5), pages 545-562, October.
    24. Kimberly M. Ellis & Taco H. Reus & Bruce T. Lamont, 2009. "Erratum: The effects of procedural and informational justice in the integration of related acquisitions," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(2), pages 1-1, February.
    25. Pamela J. Hinds & Mark Mortensen, 2005. "Understanding Conflict in Geographically Distributed Teams: The Moderating Effects of Shared Identity, Shared Context, and Spontaneous Communication," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 16(3), pages 290-307, June.
    26. Laurence Capron & Mauro Guillén, 2009. "National corporate governance institutions and post‐acquisition target reorganization," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 30(8), pages 803-833, August.
    27. Annette L. Ranft & Michael D. Lord, 2002. "Acquiring New Technologies and Capabilities: A Grounded Model of Acquisition Implementation," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 13(4), pages 420-441, August.
    28. Henrik Bresman & Julian Birkinshaw & Robert Nobel, 2010. "Knowledge transfer in international acquisitions," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 41(1), pages 5-20, January.
    29. Cassiman, Bruno & Colombo, Massimo G. & Garrone, Paola & Veugelers, Reinhilde, 2005. "The impact of M&A on the R&D process: An empirical analysis of the role of technological- and market-relatedness," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 34(2), pages 195-220, March.
    30. Rikard Larsson & Sydney Finkelstein, 1999. "Integrating Strategic, Organizational, and Human Resource Perspectives on Mergers and Acquisitions: A Case Survey of Synergy Realization," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 10(1), pages 1-26, February.
    31. Zvi Griliches, 1998. "Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators: A Survey," NBER Chapters, in: R&D and Productivity: The Econometric Evidence, pages 287-343, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
    32. Harbir Singh & Maurizio Zollo, 1998. "The Impact of Knowledge Codification, Experience Trajectories and Integration Strategies on the Performance of Corporate Acquisitions," Center for Financial Institutions Working Papers 98-24, Wharton School Center for Financial Institutions, University of Pennsylvania.
    33. Baskerville, Rachel F., 2003. "Hofstede never studied culture," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 1-14, January.
    34. repec:bla:jomstd:v:37:y:2000:i:1:p:- is not listed on IDEAS
    35. repec:bla:jomstd:v:37:y:2000:i::p:395-425 is not listed on IDEAS
    36. John Child & David Faulkner & Robert Pitkethly, 2000. "Foreign Direct Investment in the UK 1985–1994: The Impact on Domestic Management Practice," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 37(1), pages 1-1, January.
    37. Yaakov Weber & Shlomo Y. Tarba & Arie Reichel, 2011. "A Model of the Influence of Culture on Integration Approaches and International Mergers and Acquisitions Performance," International Studies of Management & Organization, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 41(3), pages 9-24, January.
    38. Yaakov Weber & Oded Shenkar & Adi Raveh, 1996. "National and Corporate Cultural Fit in Mergers/Acquisitions: An Exploratory Study," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 42(8), pages 1215-1227, August.
    39. Baskerville-Morley, Rachel F., 2005. "A research note: the unfinished business of culture," Accounting, Organizations and Society, Elsevier, vol. 30(4), pages 389-391, May.
    40. Eero Vaara & Riikka M. Sarala & Günter Stahl & Ingmar Bjorkman, 2012. "The impact of organizational and national cultural differences on social conflict and knowledge transfer in international acquisitions," Post-Print hal-02312628, HAL.
    41. K Sivakumar & Cheryl Nakata, 2001. "The Stampede Toward Hofstede's Framework: Avoiding the Sample Design Pit in Cross-Cultural Research," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 32(3), pages 555-574, September.
    42. Piero Morosini & Scott Shane & Harbir Singh, 1998. "National Cultural Distance and Cross-Border Acquisition Performance," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 29(1), pages 137-158, March.
    43. Sarala, Riikka M., 2010. "The impact of cultural differences and acculturation factors on post-acquisition conflict," Scandinavian Journal of Management, Elsevier, vol. 26(1), pages 38-56, March.
    44. Giovanni Valentini, 2012. "Measuring the effect of M&A on patenting quantity and quality," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 33(3), pages 336-346, March.
    45. Eero Vaara & Riikka Sarala & Günter K. Stahl & Ingmar Björkman, 2012. "The Impact of Organizational and National Cultural Differences on Social Conflict and Knowledge Transfer in International Acquisitions," Journal of Management Studies, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 49(1), pages 1-27, January.
    46. Slangen, Arjen H.L., 2006. "National cultural distance and initial foreign acquisition performance: The moderating effect of integration," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 41(2), pages 161-170, June.
    47. Günter K. Stahl & Andreas Voigt, 2008. "Do Cultural Differences Matter in Mergers and Acquisitions? A Tentative Model and Examination," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 19(1), pages 160-176, February.
    48. Taco H Reus & Bruce T Lamont, 2009. "The double-edged sword of cultural distance in international acquisitions," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 40(8), pages 1298-1316, October.
    49. Colombo, Massimo G. & Rabbiosi, Larissa, 2014. "Technological similarity, post-acquisition R&D reorganization, and innovation performance in horizontal acquisitions," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(6), pages 1039-1054.
    50. Philippe Very & Michael Lubatkin & Roland Calori & John Veiga, 1997. "Relative standing and the performance of recently acquired European firms," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 18(8), pages 593-614, September.
    51. Melissa E. Graebner, 2004. "Momentum and serendipity: how acquired leaders create value in the integration of technology firms," Strategic Management Journal, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 25(8‐9), pages 751-777, August.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Cheng, Cong & Yang, Monica, 2017. "Enhancing performance of cross-border mergers and acquisitions in developed markets: The role of business ties and technological innovation capability," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 81(C), pages 107-117.
    2. Eunmi Tatum Lee & Young-Ryeol Park & Jooyoung Kwak, 2023. "Knowledge distance and innovation performance: the moderating role of internationalization breadth and depth," Asian Business & Management, Palgrave Macmillan, vol. 22(3), pages 1131-1154, July.
    3. Olcay, Gökçen Arkalı & Öner, M. Atilla & Olcay, Ali Bahadır, 2019. "A conceptual view of exergy destruction in mergers and acquisitions," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 336-352.
    4. Ralf Bebenroth & Pao-Lien Chen, 2018. "Cherry Picking versus Lemon Grabbing: Target Selection of Cross-Border and Domestic Acquisitions in Japan," Discussion Paper Series DP2018-13, Research Institute for Economics & Business Administration, Kobe University.
    5. Srivastava, Saurabh & Singh, Shiwangi & Dhir, Sanjay, 2020. "Culture and International business research: A review and research agenda," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 29(4).
    6. Strobl, Andreas & Bauer, Florian & Matzler, Kurt, 2020. "The impact of industry-wide and target market environmental hostility on entrepreneurial leadership in mergers and acquisitions," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 55(2).
    7. Jiang Wei & Yang Yang & Sali Li, 2021. "Mirror or no mirror? Architectural design of cross-border integration of Chinese multinational enterprises," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 38(4), pages 1399-1430, December.
    8. Tianxu Jiang & Min Zhu, 2021. "The impact of innovation on companies’ cross-border mergers and acquisitions: evidence from China," Quality & Quantity: International Journal of Methodology, Springer, vol. 55(3), pages 969-991, June.
    9. Ma, Tingting & Zhang, Yi & Huang, Lu & Shang, Lining & Wang, Kangrui & Yu, Huizhu & Zhu, Donghua, 2017. "Text mining to gain technical intelligence for acquired target selection: A case study for China's computer numerical control machine tools industry," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 116(C), pages 162-180.
    10. Voss, Philipp S.R., 2022. "Innovation Performance in Healthcare M&A: An Empirical Analysis," Junior Management Science (JUMS), Junior Management Science e. V., vol. 7(4), pages 1164-1192.
    11. Younis, Heba & Dimitratos, Pavlos & Elbanna, Said, 2022. "International entrepreneurial SMEs in the muslim world: The role of religion in the GCC countries," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 31(5).
    12. Korshunova, Elisabeth & Tiberius, Victor & Cesinger, Beate & Bouncken, Ricarda, 2021. "Potential pitfalls of startup integrations: An exploratory study," Journal of Business Venturing Insights, Elsevier, vol. 15(C).
    13. Abdelzaher, Dina & Fernandez, Whitney Douglas & Schneper, William D., 2019. "Legal rights, national culture and social networks: Exploring the uneven adoption of United Nations Global Compact," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 28(1), pages 12-24.
    14. Jinhee Kwon & Cheong Kim & Kun Chang Lee, 2020. "Moderating Effect of the Continental Factor on the Business Strategy and M&A Performance in the Pharmaceutical Industry for Sustainable International Business," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(12), pages 1-14, June.
    15. Ralf Bebenroth & Robert A. Goehlich, 2021. "Necessity to integrate operational business during M&A: the effect of employees’ vision and cultural openness," SN Business & Economics, Springer, vol. 1(8), pages 1-17, August.
    16. Cheng, Cong & Zhong, Huihui & Cao, Liebing, 2020. "Facilitating speed of internationalization: The roles of business intelligence and organizational agility," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 110(C), pages 95-103.
    17. Lee, Chien-Chiang & Chen, Mei-Ping & Xing, Wenwu, 2022. "Do national cultures matter for tourism development? Some international evidence," Economic Analysis and Policy, Elsevier, vol. 74(C), pages 666-686.
    18. Kim, Nami & Kim, Eonsoo & Lee, Jongseon, 2021. "Innovating by eliminating: Technological resource divestiture and firms’ innovation performance," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 123(C), pages 176-187.
    19. Christofi, Michael & Vrontis, Demetris & Thrassou, Alkis & Shams, S.M. Riad, 2019. "Triggering technological innovation through cross-border mergers and acquisitions: A micro-foundational perspective," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 146(C), pages 148-166.
    20. Zheng, Qiuxia & Noorderhaven, Niels & Du, Jian, 2022. "Making the unlikely marriage work: The integration process of Chinese strategic asset-seeking acquisitions," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 57(3).
    21. Sung-Jun Lee & Soojin Kim & Joongwha Kim, 2019. "A Comparative Study of Cross-Border and Domestic Acquisition Performances in the South Korean M&A Market: Testing the Two Competing Theories of Culture," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-23, April.
    22. Park, Kathleen Marshall & Meglio, Olimpia & Bauer, Florian & Tarba, Shlomo, 2018. "Managing patterns of internationalization, integration, and identity transformation: The post-acquisition metamorphosis of an Arabian Gulf EMNC," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 122-138.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Ahammad, Mohammad Faisal & Tarba, Shlomo Yedidia & Liu, Yipeng & Glaister, Keith W., 2016. "Knowledge transfer and cross-border acquisition performance: The impact of cultural distance and employee retention," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 66-75.
    2. Bauer, Florian & King, David & Matzler, Kurt, 2016. "Speed of acquisition integration: Separating the role of human and task integration," Scandinavian Journal of Management, Elsevier, vol. 32(3), pages 150-165.
    3. Wang, Daojuan & Hain, Daniel S. & Larimo, Jorma & Dao, Li T., 2020. "Cultural differences and synergy realization in cross-border acquisitions," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 29(3).
    4. Strobl, Andreas & Bauer, Florian & Matzler, Kurt, 2020. "The impact of industry-wide and target market environmental hostility on entrepreneurial leadership in mergers and acquisitions," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 55(2).
    5. Qi Ai & Hui Tan, 2018. "The intra-firm knowledge transfer in the outward M&A of EMNCs: Evidence from Chinese manufacturing firms," Asia Pacific Journal of Management, Springer, vol. 35(2), pages 399-425, June.
    6. Reus, Taco H., 2012. "Culture's consequences for emotional attending during cross-border acquisition implementation," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 47(3), pages 342-351.
    7. Satu Teerikangas & Olivier Irrmann, 2016. "Cultural Change Following International Acquisitions: Cohabiting the Tension Between Espoused and Practiced Cultures," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 56(2), pages 195-226, April.
    8. Yunjae Bae & Kyungsuk Lee & Taewoo Roh, 2020. "Acquirer’s Absorptive Capacity and Firm Performance: The Perspectives of Strategic Behavior and Knowledge Assets," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 12(20), pages 1-28, October.
    9. Ye, Silin & Zhou, Jing & Jiang, Yunwen & Liu, Xiaming, 2023. "Managers as the bridge: How cultural friction influences the integration of cross-border mergers and acquisitions," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(4).
    10. Marcela Miozzo & Lori DiVito & Panos Desyllas, 2011. "Cross-border acquisitions of science-based firms: Their effect on innovation in the acquired firm and the local science," DRUID Working Papers 11-17, DRUID, Copenhagen Business School, Department of Industrial Economics and Strategy/Aalborg University, Department of Business Studies.
    11. Aghasi, Keivan & Colombo, Massimo G. & Rossi-Lamastra, Cristina, 2017. "Acquisitions of small high-tech firms as a mechanism for external knowledge sourcing: The integration-autonomy dilemma," Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 334-346.
    12. Zheng, Qiuxia & Noorderhaven, Niels & Du, Jian, 2022. "Making the unlikely marriage work: The integration process of Chinese strategic asset-seeking acquisitions," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 57(3).
    13. H Emre Yildiz & Carl F Fey, 2016. "Are the extent and effect of psychic distance perceptions symmetrical in cross-border M&As? Evidence from a two-country study," Journal of International Business Studies, Palgrave Macmillan;Academy of International Business, vol. 47(7), pages 830-857, September.
    14. Ai, Qi & Tan, Hui, 2020. "Uncovering neglected success factors in post-acquisition reverse capability transfer: Evidence from Chinese multinational corporations in Europe," Journal of World Business, Elsevier, vol. 55(3).
    15. Colombo, Massimo G. & Rabbiosi, Larissa, 2014. "Technological similarity, post-acquisition R&D reorganization, and innovation performance in horizontal acquisitions," Research Policy, Elsevier, vol. 43(6), pages 1039-1054.
    16. Colman, Helene Loe, 2020. "Facilitating integration and maintaining autonomy: The role of managerial action and interaction in post-acquisition cabability transfer," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 148-160.
    17. Cristina López-Duarte & Marta M. Vidal-Suárez & Belén González-Díaz & Nuno Rosa Reis, 2016. "Understanding the relevance of national culture in international business research: a quantitative analysis," Scientometrics, Springer;Akadémiai Kiadó, vol. 108(3), pages 1553-1590, September.
    18. Tamar Almor & Shlomo Y. Tarba & Avital Margalit, 2014. "Maturing, Technology-Based, Born-Global Companies: Surviving Through Mergers and Acquisitions," Management International Review, Springer, vol. 54(4), pages 421-444, August.
    19. Durand, Muriel, 2016. "Employing critical incident technique as one way to display the hidden aspects of post-merger integration," International Business Review, Elsevier, vol. 25(1), pages 87-102.
    20. Günter K. Stahl & Andreas Voigt, 2008. "Do Cultural Differences Matter in Mergers and Acquisitions? A Tentative Model and Examination," Organization Science, INFORMS, vol. 19(1), pages 160-176, February.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:iburev:v:25:y:2016:i:1:p:76-86. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/133/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.