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Effect of biodiesel origin on regulated and particle-bound PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) emissions from a Euro 4 passenger car

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  • Karavalakis, Georgios
  • Bakeas, Evangelos
  • Fontaras, Georgios
  • Stournas, Stamos

Abstract

This study investigates the impact of low concentration biodiesel blends on the regulated and particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions from a modern passenger car. Emissions measurements were performed on a chassis dynamometer using constant volume sampling technique, following the European regulations. All measurements were conducted over the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) and the Artemis driving cycles. Aiming to evaluate the fuel impact on emissions, a soy-based, a palm-based, and a rapeseed oil based biodiesel were blended with diesel fuel at proportions of 10, 20, and 30% by volume. The emissions of PM, HC, and CO decreased with biodiesel over most driving conditions. Some increases were observed over the NEDC, which may be attributed to the cold-start effect and to certain fuel characteristics. NOx emissions increased with biodiesel and strongly were dependent to the degree of unsaturation of the fuel. CO2 emissions and fuel consumption followed similar patterns and increased with biodiesel. PAH emissions presented discordant results, leading to the hypothesis that the influence of biodiesel source material was particularly strong on the formation of these pollutants. Both increases and decreases were observed in PAH, nitrated PAH and oxygenated PAH compounds with the use of biodiesel blends.

Suggested Citation

  • Karavalakis, Georgios & Bakeas, Evangelos & Fontaras, Georgios & Stournas, Stamos, 2011. "Effect of biodiesel origin on regulated and particle-bound PAH (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon) emissions from a Euro 4 passenger car," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 5328-5337.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:36:y:2011:i:8:p:5328-5337
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2011.06.041
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Lin, Yuan-Chung & Hsu, Kuo-Hsiang & Chen, Chung-Bang, 2011. "Experimental investigation of the performance and emissions of a heavy-duty diesel engine fueled with waste cooking oil biodiesel/ultra-low sulfur diesel blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 241-248.
    2. Chen, Kang-Shin & Lin, Yuan-Chung & Hsieh, Lien-Te & Lin, Long-Full & Wu, Chia-Chieh, 2010. "Saving energy and reducing pollution by use of emulsified palm-biodiesel blends with bio-solution additive," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(5), pages 2043-2048.
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    6. Attia, Ali M.A. & Kulchitskiy, A.R. & Nour, Mohamed & El-Seesy, Ahmed I. & Nada, Sameh A., 2022. "The influence of castor biodiesel blending ratio on engine performance including the determined diesel particulate matters composition," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PA).
    7. Bari, S. & Saad, Idris, 2014. "Effect of guide vane height on the performance and emissions of a compression ignition (CI) engine run with biodiesel through simulation and experiment," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C), pages 431-444.
    8. Zhang, Tianchu & Jin, Taosheng & Qi, Jingyu & Liu, Shuangxi & Hu, Jingnan & Wang, Zhiwei & Li, Zhenguo & Mao, Hongjun & Xu, Xiaohong, 2022. "Influence of test cycle and fuel property on fuel consumption and exhaust emissions of a heavy-duty diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 244(PA).
    9. How, H.G. & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Teoh, Y.H., 2014. "An investigation of the engine performance, emissions and combustion characteristics of coconut biodiesel in a high-pressure common-rail diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 749-759.
    10. Tan, Pi-qiang & Hu, Zhi-yuan & Lou, Di-ming & Li, Zhi-jun, 2012. "Exhaust emissions from a light-duty diesel engine with Jatropha biodiesel fuel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 39(1), pages 356-362.
    11. Fazal, M.A. & Haseeb, A.S.M.A. & Masjuki, H.H., 2012. "Degradation of automotive materials in palm biodiesel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 40(1), pages 76-83.

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