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Performance analysis of a CO2 heat pump water heating system under a daily change in a standardized demand

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  • Yokoyama, Ryohei
  • Wakui, Tetsuya
  • Kamakari, Junya
  • Takemura, Kazuhisa

Abstract

Air-to-water heat pumps using CO2 as a natural refrigerant have been developed and commercialized. They are expected to contribute to energy saving in residential hot water supply. The objective of the research is to analyze the performance of a water heating system composed of a CO2 heat pump and a hot water storage tank by numerical simulation. In this paper, the system performance is analyzed under a daily change in a standardized hot water demand, and some features of the temperature distribution in the storage tank and the system performance criteria such as coefficient of performance, storage and system efficiencies, and volumes of stored and unused hot water are investigated. It turns out that the daily change in the hot water demand does not significantly affect the daily averages of the COP, and storage and system efficiencies, while it significantly affects not only the daily change in the volume of hot water unused after the tapping mode, but also that in the volume of hot water stored after the charging mode. The influence of the daily change in the hot water demand on the volumes of stored and unused hot water is clarified quantitatively.

Suggested Citation

  • Yokoyama, Ryohei & Wakui, Tetsuya & Kamakari, Junya & Takemura, Kazuhisa, 2010. "Performance analysis of a CO2 heat pump water heating system under a daily change in a standardized demand," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(2), pages 718-728.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:35:y:2010:i:2:p:718-728
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2009.11.008
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yokoyama, Ryohei & Shimizu, Takeshi & Ito, Koichi & Takemura, Kazuhisa, 2007. "Influence of ambient temperatures on performance of a CO2 heat pump water heating system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 32(4), pages 388-398.
    2. Richter, M.R. & Song, S.M. & Yin, J.M. & Kim, M.H. & Bullard, C.W. & Hrnjak, P.S., 2003. "Experimental results of transcritical CO2 heat pump for residential application," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 28(10), pages 1005-1019.
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    Cited by:

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    3. Ohkura, Masashi & Yokoyama, Ryohei & Nakamata, Takuya & Wakui, Tetsuya, 2015. "Numerical analysis on performance enhancement of a CO2 heat pump water heating system by extracting tepid water," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(C), pages 435-447.
    4. Aki, Hirohisa & Wakui, Tetsuya & Yokoyama, Ryohei & Sawada, Kento, 2018. "Optimal management of multiple heat sources in a residential area by an energy management system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 1048-1060.
    5. Wakui, Tetsuya & Kawayoshi, Hiroki & Yokoyama, Ryohei & Aki, Hirohisa, 2016. "Operation management of residential energy-supplying networks based on optimization approaches," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 340-357.
    6. Yang, Jun Lan & Ma, Yi Tai & Li, Min Xia & Hua, Jun, 2010. "Modeling and simulating the transcritical CO2 heat pump system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 35(12), pages 4812-4818.
    7. Xu, Xiao Xiao & Chen, Guang Ming & Tang, Li Ming & Zhu, Zhi Jiang, 2012. "Experimental investigation on performance of transcritical CO2 heat pump system with ejector under optimum high-side pressure," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(1), pages 870-877.
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    10. Chen, J.F. & Dai, Y.J. & Wang, R.Z., 2016. "Experimental and theoretical study on a solar assisted CO2 heat pump for space heating," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 295-304.
    11. Wakui, Tetsuya & Kawayoshi, Hiroki & Yokoyama, Ryohei, 2016. "Optimal structural design of residential power and heat supply devices in consideration of operational and capital recovery constraints," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 118-133.
    12. Wakui, Tetsuya & Hashiguchi, Moe & Sawada, Kento & Yokoyama, Ryohei, 2019. "Two-stage design optimization based on artificial immune system and mixed-integer linear programming for energy supply networks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 1228-1248.
    13. Wu, Di & Hu, Bin & Wang, R.Z., 2021. "Vapor compression heat pumps with pure Low-GWP refrigerants," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    14. Yang, Zhao & Wu, Xi, 2013. "Retrofits and options for the alternatives to HCFC-22," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 59(C), pages 1-21.
    15. Wakui, Tetsuya & Sawada, Kento & Yokoyama, Ryohei & Aki, Hirohisa, 2019. "Predictive management for energy supply networks using photovoltaics, heat pumps, and battery by two-stage stochastic programming and rule-based control," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1302-1319.
    16. Adria Banks & Colin Grist & Jonathan Heller & Hyunwoo Lim, 2022. "Field Measurement of Central CO 2 Heat Pump Water Heater for Multifamily Retrofit," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-18, July.
    17. Goto, Hisanori & Goto, Mika & Sueyoshi, Toshiyuki, 2011. "Consumer choice on ecologically efficient water heaters: Marketing strategy and policy implications in Japan," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 33(2), pages 195-208, March.
    18. Wakui, Tetsuya & Kinoshita, Takahiro & Yokoyama, Ryohei, 2014. "A mixed-integer linear programming approach for cogeneration-based residential energy supply networks with power and heat interchanges," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 29-46.
    19. Zhang, Jian-Fei & Qin, Yan & Wang, Chi-Chuan, 2015. "Review on CO2 heat pump water heater for residential use in Japan," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 50(C), pages 1383-1391.
    20. Park, Hansaem & Kim, Dong Ho & Kim, Min Soo, 2013. "Performance investigation of a cascade heat pump water heating system with a quasi-steady state analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 63(C), pages 283-294.

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