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Comparative analysis of PODE3 and PODE4 fuel additives for emission reduction and soot characteristics in compression ignition engines

Author

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  • Zhu, Qiren
  • Zong, Yichen
  • Tan, Yong Ren
  • Lyu, Jie-Yao
  • Pan, Jianfeng
  • Zhou, Xinyi
  • Liu, Haili
  • He, Song
  • Chen, Wang
  • Yu, Wenbin
  • Yang, Wenming
  • Kraft, Markus

Abstract

Polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers (PODEn) have been regarded as promising fuel additives in reducing engine emissions due to their extra oxygen content and absence of C–C bonds. This research compares the effectiveness of PODE3 and PODE4 as fuel additives (10 % oxygen content) in a compression ignition (CI) engine. The results show that PODE can retard the ignition delay and shorten the combustion duration. They can both reduce HC emissions, with PODE4 having the greatest reduction. Both additives comparably reduce NOx emissions while consuming similar oxygen amounts. PODE alters particle size distribution, favoring higher nucleation mode particles and reducing accumulation mode particles, especially for the case with Diesel/PODE3. Further, this study investigates the soot characteristics when with different fuel blends. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) reveals enhanced oxidative reactivity in soot when with Diesel/PODE3 and Diesel/PODE4 fuel blends. Raman spectroscopy shows reduced crystalline structure and increased crystalline width in soot when with PODE additives. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy indicates improved relative intensity of aliphatic C–H groups and intensified aromatic C–H groups with PODE addition. In summary, PODE3 and PODE4 are promising CI engine fuel additives, substantially reducing particulate matter (PM) emissions and enhancing soot reactivity. These findings hold significance for cleaner combustion technologies.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhu, Qiren & Zong, Yichen & Tan, Yong Ren & Lyu, Jie-Yao & Pan, Jianfeng & Zhou, Xinyi & Liu, Haili & He, Song & Chen, Wang & Yu, Wenbin & Yang, Wenming & Kraft, Markus, 2024. "Comparative analysis of PODE3 and PODE4 fuel additives for emission reduction and soot characteristics in compression ignition engines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:286:y:2024:i:c:s036054422302892x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.129498
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Zhao, Rongchao & Li, Weihua & Zhuge, Weilin & Zhang, Yangjun & Yin, Yong, 2017. "Numerical study on steam injection in a turbocompound diesel engine for waste heat recovery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P1), pages 506-518.
    2. Liu, Junheng & Sun, Ping & Huang, He & Meng, Jian & Yao, Xiaohua, 2017. "Experimental investigation on performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a common-rail diesel engine fueled with polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers-diesel blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 202(C), pages 527-536.
    3. Zhu, Qiren & Zong, Yichen & Yu, Wenbin & Yang, Wenming & Kraft, Markus, 2021. "Understanding the blending effect of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers as additive in a common-rail diesel engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
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