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Experimental flow-through a single fracture with monolayer proppant at reservoir conditions: A case study on Caney Shale, Southwest Oklahoma, USA

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  • Katende, Allan
  • Rutqvist, Jonny
  • Massion, Cody
  • Radonjic, Mileva

Abstract

Global energy systems are undergoing a crucial transition to clean energy sources, thereby moving away from fossil-fuel based energy with the ultimate aim of reducing carbon dioxide emissions. It is essential to continue to advance in exploring and developing shale gas resources as this will underpin the global supply of natural gas that is needed to support the energy transition. The challenge hereby is that the slow fluid flow of the shale matrix due to its very low permeability requires large-scale volume fracturing to produce a conductive fracture network that enhances the connectivity between the shale formation and the wellbore. This work examines the influence of a thin proppant layer on a single fracture using a flow-through experiment, and also explores whether proppant embedment in the Caney shale is affected by the rock mineralogy, surface roughness, fluids, confining stress, time, temperature and bedding. The experiment was conducted for a duration of nine days (216 h), experimental temperature was varied from ambient temperature to reservoir temperature of 125 °C (257 °F) and confining stress was varied from 367 psi (2.53MPa) to a maximum of 4011.82 psi (27.66 MPa). We find that the conductivity of the fracture is primarily influenced by the layer of proppant used, surface roughness, mineralogy, fluids, temperature and closure stress.

Suggested Citation

  • Katende, Allan & Rutqvist, Jonny & Massion, Cody & Radonjic, Mileva, 2023. "Experimental flow-through a single fracture with monolayer proppant at reservoir conditions: A case study on Caney Shale, Southwest Oklahoma, USA," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 273(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:273:y:2023:i:c:s0360544223005753
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.127181
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Kasala, Erasto E. & Wang, Jinjie & Lwazi, Hussein M. & Nyakilla, Edwin E. & Kibonye, John S., 2024. "The influence of hydraulic fracture and reservoir parameters on the storage of CO2 and enhancing CH4 recovery in Yanchang formation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 296(C).
    2. Zhou, Zhixiang & Wen, Hang & Pang, Huiwen & Liang, Lihao & Jiang, Xingwen & Song, Jiabang, 2024. "Energy evolution analysis of heat-treated hydrated shale," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 289(C).
    3. Lv, Mingkun & Guo, Tiankui & Jia, Xuliang & Wen, Duwu & Chen, Ming & Wang, Yunpeng & Qu, Zhanqing & Ma, Daibing, 2024. "Study on the pump schedule impact in hydraulic fracturing of unconventional reservoirs on proppant transport law," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    4. Xie, Yetong & Liu, Huimin & Zhang, Kuihua & Jia, Wenhua & Li, Jing & Meng, Xiaoyu, 2023. "Dynamic evaluation of microscopic damage and fluid flow behavior in reservoir shale under deviatoric stress," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).

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