Navigating the Intricate Relationship between Investments and Global Output: A Leontief Matrix Case Study of Romania

This research delves into the intricate dynamics underlying the impact of investments on global output, employing the Leontief matrix as a robust analytical framework. Investments wield a profound influence on economies worldwide, with varying effects contingent upon investment types, development levels of countries, and external factors such as trade conflicts and global shocks. The diverse range of investment forms, including physical capital, human capital, R&D, and technological investments, engenders distinct implications for productivity, innovation, and efficiency. Developing and developed economies navigate unique trajectories, with investments playing a pivotal role in bridging infrastructure gaps, improving technology, and spurring growth. However, external disruptions, such as trade wars and global shocks, introduce an element of complexity, reshaping investment patterns and altering global output trajectories. This study centers on harnessing the Leontief matrix’s prowess to evaluate the interplay of investments and global output, focusing on the Romanian economy. By analyzing input–output tables, encompassing 105 branches aggregated into 10 sectors, the research captures the intricate connections between economic segments. Notably, the Romanian context reveals the volatility of the matrix coefficients, an outcome of ongoing transitional processes, technological advancements, and fluctuating relative prices. In unraveling the intricate threads weaving investments and global output, this study contributes to a nuanced comprehension of these multifaceted interactions. The findings underscore the significance of tailoring investment strategies to specific economic contexts and advocate for robust frameworks, such as the input–output model, to inform policy decisions and drive sustainable growth in an increasingly complex global economy.