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Carbon and energy storage in salt caverns under the background of carbon neutralization in China

Author

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  • Wei, Xinxing
  • Ban, Shengnan
  • Shi, Xilin
  • Li, Peng
  • Li, Yinping
  • Zhu, Shijie
  • Yang, Kun
  • Bai, Weizheng
  • Yang, Chunhe

Abstract

China plans to reach the peak of its CO2 emissions in 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality in 2060. Salt caverns are excellent facilities for underground energy storage, and they can store CO2. Combined with the CO2 emission data of China in recent years, the volume of underground salt caverns in 2030 and the CO2 emission of China are predicted. A correlation model between salt cavern energy storage and CO2 emission is developed. An evaluation model of carbon capture capacity is developed. A method of comprehensive utilization of salt cavern energy storage is proposed. A flow chart of salt cavern energy storage and salt cavern carbon storage is summarized. The research shows that underground salt caverns with a volume of 300 million m3 will be formed in China by 2020–2030, and China's CO2 emissions will reach 14.4 billion tonnes by 2030. There is a negative correlation between salt cavern development and CO2 emissions. The CO2 reduction percentages of salt cavern comprehensive utilization are: 28.3% for compressed air energy storage; 13.3% for natural gas storage; 10.3% for oil storage; 6.6% for liquid flow battery; 24.8% for hydrogen storage; 16.8% for carbon dioxide storage. The research results have certain reference values for the large-scale development of salt caverns and carbon neutralization.

Suggested Citation

  • Wei, Xinxing & Ban, Shengnan & Shi, Xilin & Li, Peng & Li, Yinping & Zhu, Shijie & Yang, Kun & Bai, Weizheng & Yang, Chunhe, 2023. "Carbon and energy storage in salt caverns under the background of carbon neutralization in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:272:y:2023:i:c:s0360544223005145
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2023.127120
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    1. Wei, Xinxing & Shi, Xilin & Li, Yinping & Li, Peng & Ban, Shengnan & Zhao, Kai & Ma, Hongling & Liu, Hejuan & Yang, Chunhe, 2023. "A comprehensive feasibility evaluation of salt cavern oil energy storage system in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 351(C).
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    4. Zhu, Shijie & Shi, Xilin & Yang, Chunhe & Bai, Weizheng & Wei, Xinxing & Yang, Kun & Li, Peng & Li, Hang & Li, Yinping & Wang, Guibin, 2024. "Site selection evaluation for salt cavern hydrogen storage in China," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    5. Liu, Xinyu & Yang, Jianping & Yang, Chunhe & Zhang, Zheyuan & Chen, Weizhong, 2023. "Numerical simulation on cavern support of compressed air energy storage(CAES)considering thermo-mechanical coupling effect," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    6. Cen, Xiao & Chen, Zengliang & Chen, Haifeng & Ding, Chen & Ding, Bo & Li, Fei & Lou, Fangwei & Zhu, Zhenyu & Zhang, Hongyu & Hong, Bingyuan, 2024. "User repurchase behavior prediction for integrated energy supply stations based on the user profiling method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    7. Chen, Xinjiang & Yang, Yu & Wang, Jianxiao & Song, Jie & He, Guannan, 2023. "Battery valuation and management for battery swapping station," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    8. Si Huang & Yinping Li & Xilin Shi & Yahua Liu & Hongling Ma & Peng Li & Yuanxi Liu & Xin Liu & Mingnan Xu & Chunhe Yang, 2024. "Key Issues of Salt Cavern Flow Battery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(20), pages 1-22, October.
    9. Wang, Xuan & Ma, Hongling & Li, Hang & Zeng, Zhen & Liang, Xiaopeng & Yang, Chunhe, 2024. "Projected effective energy stored of Zhangshu salt cavern per day in CAES in 2060," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    10. Xue, Tianfu & Shi, Xilin & Wang, Guibin & Liu, Xin & Wei, Xinxing & Ding, Shuanglong & Fu, Xinghui, 2024. "Study on repairing technical parameters of irregular gas storage salt caverns," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 293(C).
    11. Zhu, Shijie & Shi, Xilin & Yang, Chunhe & Li, Yinping & Li, Hang & Yang, Kun & Wei, Xinxing & Bai, Weizheng & Liu, Xin, 2023. "Hydrogen loss of salt cavern hydrogen storage," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    12. Wu, Lin & Hou, Zhengmeng & Luo, Zhifeng & Huang, Liangchao & Xiong, Ying & Mehmood, Faisal & Liu, Jianhua & Sun, Wei & Xie, Yachen, 2023. "Efficiency assessment of underground biomethanation with hydrogen and carbon dioxide in depleted gas reservoirs: A biogeochemical simulation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    13. Xinxing Wei & Xilin Shi & Yinping Li & Peng Li & Mingnan Xu & Yashuai Huang & Yang Hong, 2025. "A Review of Enhanced Methods for Oil Recovery from Sediment Void Oil Storage in Underground Salt Caverns," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(2), pages 1-25, January.
    14. Bai, Weizheng & Shi, Xilin & Yang, Chunhe & Zhu, Shijie & Wei, Xinxing & Li, Yinping & Liu, Xin, 2024. "Assessment of the potential of salt mines for renewable energy peaking in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).

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