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Levelized cost of hydrogen for refueling stations with solar PV and wind in Sweden: On-grid or off-grid?

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  • Tang, Ou
  • Rehme, Jakob
  • Cerin, Pontus

Abstract

The European Union expects that hydrogen will play a vital role in future energy systems. Fuel cell electric vehicles currently present a key development path for electrification of the transport sector, which requires infrastructure investments of hydrogen refueling stations, preferably powered by renewables such as solar and wind energy. The economic feasibility of refueling stations depends on geographical locations. This study introduces a model to identify the key cost components of renewable hydrogen for refueling stations, and simulates the performance using solar radiation, wind speed, and electricity price data in a selection of Swedish cities. The study demonstrates the importance of integrating the electricity grid in green hydrogen production. Wind speed is crucial in reducing the cost, whereas solar radiation has less influence. In addition, a combination of solar and wind brings better performance in an off-grid scenario. The most encouraging finding is the cost of 35–72 SEK/kg (3.5–7.2 €/kg), which is competitive with reported costs in other EUcountries, especially since this cost excludes any government support scheme. The study provides a reference for investors and policy makers foreseeing the industrial landscape for hydrogen energy development.

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  • Tang, Ou & Rehme, Jakob & Cerin, Pontus, 2022. "Levelized cost of hydrogen for refueling stations with solar PV and wind in Sweden: On-grid or off-grid?," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:241:y:2022:i:c:s0360544221031558
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.122906
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    Cited by:

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    5. Sgarbossa, Fabio & Arena, Simone & Tang, Ou & Peron, Mirco, 2023. "Renewable hydrogen supply chains: A planning matrix and an agenda for future research," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 255(C).
    6. Svetlana Revinova & Inna Lazanyuk & Svetlana Ratner & Konstantin Gomonov, 2023. "Forecasting Development of Green Hydrogen Production Technologies Using Component-Based Learning Curves," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(11), pages 1-19, May.
    7. Sgarbossa, Fabio & Arena, Simone & Tang, Ou & Peron, Mirco, 2022. "Reprint of: Renewable hydrogen supply chains: A planning matrix and an agenda for future research," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 250(C).
    8. Rezaei, Mostafa & Akimov, Alexandr & Gray, Evan Mac A., 2024. "Levelised cost of dynamic green hydrogen production: A case study for Australia's hydrogen hubs," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 370(C).
    9. Omer Faruk Noyan & Muhammad Mahmudul Hasan & Nezih Pala, 2023. "A Global Review of the Hydrogen Energy Eco-System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-22, February.
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    11. Liu, Zhengguang & Guo, Zhiling & Chen, Qi & Song, Chenchen & Shang, Wenlong & Yuan, Meng & Zhang, Haoran, 2023. "A review of data-driven smart building-integrated photovoltaic systems: Challenges and objectives," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PE).
    12. Paweł Dworak & Andrzej Mrozik & Agata Korzelecka-Orkisz & Adam Tański & Krzysztof Formicki, 2023. "Energy Self-Sufficiency of a Salmonids Breeding Facility in the Recirculating Aquaculture System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(6), pages 1-22, March.
    13. Leonhard Povacz & Ramchandra Bhandari, 2023. "Analysis of the Levelized Cost of Renewable Hydrogen in Austria," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(5), pages 1-23, March.
    14. Zheng, Yi & You, Shi & Huang, Chunjun & Jin, Xin, 2023. "Model-based economic analysis of off-grid wind/hydrogen systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 187(C).
    15. Hosseini Dehshiri, Seyyed Shahabaddin & Firoozabadi, Bahar, 2022. "A new application of measurement of alternatives and ranking according to compromise solution (MARCOS) in solar site location for electricity and hydrogen production: A case study in the southern clim," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 261(PB).
    16. Konstantin Gomonov & Marina Reshetnikova & Svetlana Ratner, 2023. "Economic Analysis of Recently Announced Green Hydrogen Projects in Russia: A Multiple Case Study," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(10), pages 1-15, May.
    17. Roberta Caponi & Enrico Bocci & Luca Del Zotto, 2022. "Techno-Economic Model for Scaling Up of Hydrogen Refueling Stations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-16, October.
    18. Ibáñez-Rioja, Alejandro & Järvinen, Lauri & Puranen, Pietari & Kosonen, Antti & Ruuskanen, Vesa & Hynynen, Katja & Ahola, Jero & Kauranen, Pertti, 2023. "Off-grid solar PV–wind power–battery–water electrolyzer plant: Simultaneous optimization of component capacities and system control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 345(C).

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