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Analysis and improvement of flow distribution in manifold for proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks

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  • Huang, Fuxiang
  • Qiu, Diankai
  • Xu, Zhutian
  • Peng, Linfa
  • Lai, Xinmin

Abstract

The flow distribution in manifold has significant effect on the output performance of the stack according to the Cannikin Law, especially for multi-cell proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stacks. This study presents an analytical model which simultaneously considered local pressure losses, pressure recovery phenomenon, electrochemical reactions, and liquid water to calculate the flow distribution using the flow network method. Both U-shape and Z-shape flow configuration stack are investigated. The analytical model is simultaneously and quantitatively validated with three distinct variables (the dimensionless mass flow rates, the stack pressure drop and the pressure distribution in manifold) to ensure the accurateness of modelling results. Effects of reactant consumption and two-phase flow in unit cell on the flow distribution are quantitatively investigated. Results show that the flow maldistribution is overestimated when ignoring gas consumption and two-phase flow for both 200-cell U-shape and Z-shape stack. Balance the pressure drop of inlet and outlet manifold significantly improves the flow distribution for U-shape stack. Finally, the differentiated assembly strategy is first proposed to improve the flow distribution in manifold for multi-cell PEMFC stacks. Compared to the original design, the ratios of the improvements for 200-cell U-shape and Z-shape stack are 85% and 25%, respectively.

Suggested Citation

  • Huang, Fuxiang & Qiu, Diankai & Xu, Zhutian & Peng, Linfa & Lai, Xinmin, 2021. "Analysis and improvement of flow distribution in manifold for proton exchange membrane fuel cell stacks," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 226(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:226:y:2021:i:c:s0360544221006769
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2021.120427
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    3. Yu, Xianxian & Cai, Shanshan & Luo, Xiaobing & Tu, Zhengkai, 2024. "Barrel effect in an air-cooled proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    4. Shao, Yangbin & Xu, Liangfei & Hu, Zunyan & Xu, Ling & Zhao, Yang & Zhao, Guanlei & Li, Jianqiu & Ouyang, Minggao, 2023. "Investigation on the performance heterogeneity within a fuel cell stack considering non-isopotential of bipolar plates," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PB).
    5. Xu, Boshi & Yang, Yang & Li, Jun & Ye, Dingding & Wang, Yang & Zhang, Liang & Zhu, Xun & Liao, Qiang, 2024. "A comprehensive study of parameters distribution in a short PEM water electrolyzer stack utilizing a full-scale multi-physics model," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    6. Yin, Ren-Jie & Zeng, Wen-Chao & Bai, Fan & Chen, Li & Tao, Wen-Quan, 2024. "Study on the effects of manifold structure on the gas flow distribution uniformity of anode of PEMFC stack with 140-cell," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    7. Yang, Ping & Ling, Weihao & Tian, Ke & Zeng, Min & Wang, Qiuwang, 2023. "Flow distribution and heat transfer performance of two-phase flow in parallel flow heat exchange system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 270(C).
    8. Bai, Xingying & Luo, Lizhong & Huang, Bi & Huang, Zhe & Jian, Qifei, 2021. "Flow characteristics analysis for multi-path hydrogen supply within proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 301(C).
    9. Sarjuni, C.A. & Lim, B.H. & Majlan, E.H. & Rosli, M.I., 2024. "A review: Fluid dynamic and mass transport behaviour in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    10. Chen, Dongfang & Pei, Pucheng & Ren, Peng & Song, Xin & Wang, He & Zhang, Lu & Wang, Mingkai, 2022. "Analytical methods for the effect of anode nitrogen concentration on performance and voltage consistency of proton exchange membrane fuel cell stack," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).

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