IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/energy/v168y2019icp1157-1167.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Effect of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE)–gasoline blends on regulated and unregulated emissions in spark-ignition engine

Author

Listed:
  • Li, Yuanxu
  • Ning, Zhi
  • Lee, Chia-fon F.
  • Yan, Junhao
  • Lee, Timothy H.

Abstract

An experimental study was conducted in a port-fuel injection (PFI) spark-ignition (SI) engine fueled with acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) and gasoline. 30 vol% ABE blends with different component ratios (A:B:E = 3:6:1, 6:3:1, and 5:14:1), referred to as ABE(3:6:1)30, ABE(6:3:1)30, and ABE(5:14:1)30, were used as test fuels. Additionally, 30 vol% ethanol and 30% vol.% butanol blended with 70 vol% gasoline, referred to as E30 and B30, respectively, were also used as test fuels. Both the regulated emissions, which include unburned hydrocarbons (UHC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxide (NOx), and unregulated emissions, including acetaldehyde, 1,3-butadiene, benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX), were investigated under various conditions. The experiments were conducted at an engine speed of 1200 rpm and at engine loads of 3, 4, 5, and 6 bar brake mean effective pressure (BMEP) under various equivalence ratios (φ = 0.83–1.25). The results indicated that ABE(6:3:1)30 had the lowest UHC and CO emissions, with ABE(3:6:1)30 having slightly higher NOx emissions. As for unregulated emissions, B30 showed the highest acetaldehyde emission and ABE(6:3:1)30 had the lowest among all the fuel blends. ABE(3:6:1)30 and ABE(6:3:1)30 showed a reduction in 1,3-butadiene emission. Regarding the BTEX emissions, an overall reduction was observed for all the fuel blends, with ABE(3:6:1)30 having shown the lowest BTEX emissions among all the test fuels. The results indicate that ABE could be used as a promising alternative fuel in SI engines, owing to the reduction in emissions.

Suggested Citation

  • Li, Yuanxu & Ning, Zhi & Lee, Chia-fon F. & Yan, Junhao & Lee, Timothy H., 2019. "Effect of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE)–gasoline blends on regulated and unregulated emissions in spark-ignition engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 1157-1167.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:168:y:2019:i:c:p:1157-1167
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.12.022
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0360544218323880
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.energy.2018.12.022?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. García, Verónica & Päkkilä, Johanna & Ojamo, Heikki & Muurinen, Esa & Keiski, Riitta L., 2011. "Challenges in biobutanol production: How to improve the efficiency?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 964-980, February.
    2. Chang, Yu-Cheng & Lee, Wen-Jhy & Wu, Tser Son & Wu, Chang-Yu & Chen, Shui-Jen, 2014. "Use of water containing acetone–butanol–ethanol for NOx-PM (nitrogen oxide-particulate matter) trade-off in the diesel engine fueled with biodiesel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 678-687.
    3. Jin, Chao & Yao, Mingfa & Liu, Haifeng & Lee, Chia-fon F. & Ji, Jing, 2011. "Progress in the production and application of n-butanol as a biofuel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(8), pages 4080-4106.
    4. Li, Yuqiang & Meng, Lei & Nithyanandan, Karthik & Lee, Timothy H. & Lin, Yilu & Lee, Chia-fon F. & Liao, Shengming, 2017. "Experimental investigation of a spark ignition engine fueled with acetone-butanol-ethanol and gasoline blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 43-54.
    5. Yuanxu Li & Zhi Ning & Chia-fon F. Lee & Timothy H. Lee & Junhao Yan, 2018. "Performance and Regulated/Unregulated Emission Evaluation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol and Gasoline Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-16, May.
    6. Zhou, Nan & Huo, Ming & Wu, Han & Nithyanandan, Karthik & Lee, Chia-fon F. & Wang, Qingnian, 2014. "Low temperature spray combustion of acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) and diesel blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 104-115.
    7. Yao, Yung-Chen & Tsai, Jiun-Horng & Wang, I-Ting, 2013. "Emissions of gaseous pollutant from motorcycle powered by ethanol–gasoline blend," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 93-100.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Nguyen, Dinh Duc & Moghaddam, Hesam & Pirouzfar, Vahid & Fayyazbakhsh, Ahmad & Su, Chia-Hung, 2021. "Improving the gasoline properties by blending butanol-Al2O3 to optimize the engine performance and reduce air pollution," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    2. Mourad, M. & Mahmoud, K., 2019. "Investigation into SI engine performance characteristics and emissions fuelled with ethanol/butanol-gasoline blends," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 762-771.
    3. Yangxun Liu & Weinan Liu & Huihong Liao & Wenhua Zhou & Cangsu Xu, 2021. "An Experimental and Kinetic Modelling Study on Laminar Premixed Flame Characteristics of Ethanol/Acetone Mixtures," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-18, October.
    4. Rai, Ranjeet Kumar & Sahoo, Rashmi Rekha, 2019. "Effective power and effective power density analysis for water in diesel emulsion as fuel in diesel engine performance," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 180(C), pages 893-902.
    5. Fei, Chunguang & Qian, Zuoqin & Yang, Ziming & Ren, Jie & Zhu, Siwei & Yan, Yanan & Shu, Zihao, 2022. "Combustion and emission performance of isopropanol-butanol-ethanol (IBE) mixed with diesel fuel on marine diesel engine with nano YSZ thermal barrier coating," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 256(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Yuanxu Li & Zhi Ning & Chia-fon F. Lee & Timothy H. Lee & Junhao Yan, 2018. "Performance and Regulated/Unregulated Emission Evaluation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol and Gasoline Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-16, May.
    2. Li, Yuqiang & Chen, Yong & Wu, Gang & Liu, Jiangwei, 2018. "Experimental evaluation of water-containing isopropanol-n-butanol-ethanol and gasoline blend as a fuel candidate in spark-ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C), pages 42-52.
    3. Li, Yuqiang & Meng, Lei & Nithyanandan, Karthik & Lee, Timothy H. & Lin, Yilu & Lee, Chia-fon F. & Liao, Shengming, 2017. "Experimental investigation of a spark ignition engine fueled with acetone-butanol-ethanol and gasoline blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 43-54.
    4. Wu, Han & Nithyanandan, Karthik & Zhang, Jiaxiang & Lin, Yilu & Lee, Timothy H. & Lee, Chia-fon F. & Zhang, Chunhua, 2015. "Impacts of Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol (ABE) ratio on spray and combustion characteristics of ABE–diesel blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 367-378.
    5. Li, Yuqiang & Lin, Shoulong & Huang, Long & Liu, Jiangwei, 2024. "A skeletal chemical reaction mechanism for gasoline-ABE blends combustion in internal combustion engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 286(C).
    6. Jufang Zhang & Xiumin Yu & Zezhou Guo & Yinan Li & Jiahua Zhang & Dongjie Liu, 2022. "Study on Combustion and Emissions of a Spark Ignition Engine with Gasoline Port Injection Plus Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol (ABE) Direct Injection under Different Speeds and Loads," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(19), pages 1-22, September.
    7. Elfasakhany, Ashraf, 2017. "Investigations on performance and pollutant emissions of spark-ignition engines fueled with n-butanol–, isobutanol–, ethanol–, methanol–, and acetone–gasoline blends: A comparative study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 404-413.
    8. Bergthorson, Jeffrey M. & Thomson, Murray J., 2015. "A review of the combustion and emissions properties of advanced transportation biofuels and their impact on existing and future engines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1393-1417.
    9. Liu, Kaimin & Fu, Jianqin & Deng, Banglin & Yang, Jing & Tang, Qijun & Liu, Jingping, 2014. "The influences of pressure and temperature on laminar flame propagations of n-butanol, iso-octane and their blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 703-715.
    10. Zhang, Yu & Huang, Ronghua & Huang, Yuhan & Huang, Sheng & Zhou, Pei & Chen, Xi & Qin, Tian, 2018. "Experimental study on combustion characteristics of an n-butanol-biodiesel droplet," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 490-499.
    11. Han, Kai & Liu, Yu & Wang, Chengxin & Tian, Junjian & Song, Zhihui & Lin, Qizhao & Meng, Kesheng, 2021. "Experimental study on the evaporation characteristics of biodiesel-ABE blended droplets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
    12. Nguyen, Dinh Duc & Moghaddam, Hesam & Pirouzfar, Vahid & Fayyazbakhsh, Ahmad & Su, Chia-Hung, 2021. "Improving the gasoline properties by blending butanol-Al2O3 to optimize the engine performance and reduce air pollution," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    13. Kujawska, Anna & Kujawski, Jan & Bryjak, Marek & Kujawski, Wojciech, 2015. "ABE fermentation products recovery methods—A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 648-661.
    14. Duan, Xiongbo & Xu, Zhengxin & Sun, Xingyu & Deng, Banglin & Liu, Jingping, 2021. "Effects of injection timing and EGR on combustion and emissions characteristics of the diesel engine fuelled with acetone–butanol–ethanol/diesel blend fuels," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C).
    15. Han, Kai & Pang, Bo & Zhao, Changlu & Ni, Zhaojing & Qi, Zhengda, 2019. "An experimental study of the puffing and evaporation characteristics of acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) and diesel blend droplets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 331-340.
    16. Ibrahim, Mohamad Faizal & Abd-Aziz, Suraini & Yusoff, Mohd. Ezreeza Mohamed & Phang, Lai Yee & Hassan, Mohd Ali, 2015. "Simultaneous enzymatic saccharification and ABE fermentation using pretreated oil palm empty fruit bunch as substrate to produce butanol and hydrogen as biofuel," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 447-455.
    17. Mwangi, John Kennedy & Lee, Wen-Jhy & Chang, Yu-Cheng & Chen, Chia-Yang & Wang, Lin-Chi, 2015. "An overview: Energy saving and pollution reduction by using green fuel blends in diesel engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 214-236.
    18. Han, Kai & Pang, Bo & Ma, Xiaokang & Chen, Hao & Song, Guoqian & Ni, Zhaojing, 2017. "An experimental study of the burning characteristics of acetone–butanol–ethanol and diesel blend droplets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 853-861.
    19. Xiaoqing Zhang & Tie Li & Pengfei Ma & Bin Wang, 2017. "Spray Combustion Characteristics and Soot Emission Reduction of Hydrous Ethanol Diesel Emulsion Fuel Using Color-Ratio Pyrometry," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(12), pages 1-13, December.
    20. Zhang, Yu & Huang, Ronghua & Huang, Yuhan & Huang, Sheng & Ma, Yinjie & Xu, Shijie & Zhou, Pei, 2018. "Effect of ambient temperature on the puffing characteristics of single butanol-hexadecane droplet," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 430-441.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:168:y:2019:i:c:p:1157-1167. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.journals.elsevier.com/energy .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.