IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/gam/jeners/v11y2018i5p1121-d144206.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Performance and Regulated/Unregulated Emission Evaluation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol and Gasoline Blends

Author

Listed:
  • Yuanxu Li

    (School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
    Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA)

  • Zhi Ning

    (School of Mechanical, Electronic and Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China)

  • Chia-fon F. Lee

    (Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA)

  • Timothy H. Lee

    (Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA)

  • Junhao Yan

    (Department of Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL 61801, USA)

Abstract

An experimental investigation was conducted on the effect of equivalence ratios and engine loads on performance and emission characteristics using acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) and gasoline blends. Gasoline blends with various ABE content (0 vol % to 80 vol % ABE, referred to as G100, ABE10, ABE20, ABE30, ABE60, and ABE80, respectively) were used as test fuels, where the volumetric concentration of A/B/E was 3:6:1. The experiments were conducted at engine loads of 3, 4, 5, and 6 bar brake mean effective pressure at an engine speed of 1200 rpm and under various equivalence ratios (φ = 0.83–1.25). The results showed that ABE addition in the fuel blends could increase brake thermal efficiency and decrease unburned hydrocarbon (UHC), carbon dioxide (CO), and oxynitride (NO x ). As for unregulated emissions, acetaldehyde and 1,3-budatiene emissions increased with the increased ABE content in blend fuels. Regarding the aromatic emissions, ABE addition led to a decrease in benzene, toluene, and xylene emissions. The study indicated that ABE could be used as a promising alternative fuel in spark ignition (SI) engines for enhancing the brake thermal efficiency and reducing regulated emissions and aromatic air toxics.

Suggested Citation

  • Yuanxu Li & Zhi Ning & Chia-fon F. Lee & Timothy H. Lee & Junhao Yan, 2018. "Performance and Regulated/Unregulated Emission Evaluation of a Spark Ignition Engine Fueled with Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol and Gasoline Blends," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(5), pages 1-16, May.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:5:p:1121-:d:144206
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/5/1121/pdf
    Download Restriction: no
    File URL: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/11/5/1121/
    Download Restriction: no
    ---><---

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. García, Verónica & Päkkilä, Johanna & Ojamo, Heikki & Muurinen, Esa & Keiski, Riitta L., 2011. "Challenges in biobutanol production: How to improve the efficiency?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 964-980, February.
    2. Najafi, G. & Ghobadian, B. & Tavakoli, T. & Buttsworth, D.R. & Yusaf, T.F. & Faizollahnejad, M., 2009. "Performance and exhaust emissions of a gasoline engine with ethanol blended gasoline fuels using artificial neural network," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(5), pages 630-639, May.
    3. Chang, Yu-Cheng & Lee, Wen-Jhy & Wu, Tser Son & Wu, Chang-Yu & Chen, Shui-Jen, 2014. "Use of water containing acetone–butanol–ethanol for NOx-PM (nitrogen oxide-particulate matter) trade-off in the diesel engine fueled with biodiesel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 678-687.
    4. Xue, Jinlin & Grift, Tony E. & Hansen, Alan C., 2011. "Effect of biodiesel on engine performances and emissions," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(2), pages 1098-1116, February.
    5. Niven, Robert K., 2005. "Ethanol in gasoline: environmental impacts and sustainability review article," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 9(6), pages 535-555, December.
    6. Zhou, Nan & Huo, Ming & Wu, Han & Nithyanandan, Karthik & Lee, Chia-fon F. & Wang, Qingnian, 2014. "Low temperature spray combustion of acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) and diesel blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 117(C), pages 104-115.
    7. Jin, Chao & Yao, Mingfa & Liu, Haifeng & Lee, Chia-fon F. & Ji, Jing, 2011. "Progress in the production and application of n-butanol as a biofuel," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(8), pages 4080-4106.
    8. Chang, Yu-Cheng & Lee, Wen-Jhy & Lin, Sheng-Lun & Wang, Lin-Chi, 2013. "Green energy: Water-containing acetone–butanol–ethanol diesel blends fueled in diesel engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 109(C), pages 182-191.
    9. Yao, Yung-Chen & Tsai, Jiun-Horng & Wang, I-Ting, 2013. "Emissions of gaseous pollutant from motorcycle powered by ethanol–gasoline blend," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 102(C), pages 93-100.
    10. Merola, Simona Silvia & Valentino, Gerardo & Tornatore, Cinzia & Marchitto, Luca, 2013. "In-cylinder spectroscopic measurements of knocking combustion in a SI engine fuelled with butanol–gasoline blend," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 150-161.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Li, Yuanxu & Ning, Zhi & Lee, Chia-fon F. & Yan, Junhao & Lee, Timothy H., 2019. "Effect of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE)–gasoline blends on regulated and unregulated emissions in spark-ignition engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 1157-1167.
    2. Süleyman Şimşek & Hasan Saygın & Bülent Özdalyan, 2020. "Improvement of Fusel Oil Features and Effect of Its Use in Different Compression Ratios for an SI Engine on Performance and Emission," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(7), pages 1-14, April.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Li, Yuqiang & Meng, Lei & Nithyanandan, Karthik & Lee, Timothy H. & Lin, Yilu & Lee, Chia-fon F. & Liao, Shengming, 2017. "Experimental investigation of a spark ignition engine fueled with acetone-butanol-ethanol and gasoline blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 121(C), pages 43-54.
    2. Li, Yuanxu & Ning, Zhi & Lee, Chia-fon F. & Yan, Junhao & Lee, Timothy H., 2019. "Effect of acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE)–gasoline blends on regulated and unregulated emissions in spark-ignition engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 1157-1167.
    3. Wu, Han & Nithyanandan, Karthik & Zhang, Jiaxiang & Lin, Yilu & Lee, Timothy H. & Lee, Chia-fon F. & Zhang, Chunhua, 2015. "Impacts of Acetone–Butanol–Ethanol (ABE) ratio on spray and combustion characteristics of ABE–diesel blends," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 367-378.
    4. Elfasakhany, Ashraf, 2017. "Investigations on performance and pollutant emissions of spark-ignition engines fueled with n-butanol–, isobutanol–, ethanol–, methanol–, and acetone–gasoline blends: A comparative study," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 404-413.
    5. Li, Yuqiang & Chen, Yong & Wu, Gang & Liu, Jiangwei, 2018. "Experimental evaluation of water-containing isopropanol-n-butanol-ethanol and gasoline blend as a fuel candidate in spark-ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C), pages 42-52.
    6. Zhang, Yu & Huang, Ronghua & Huang, Yuhan & Huang, Sheng & Zhou, Pei & Chen, Xi & Qin, Tian, 2018. "Experimental study on combustion characteristics of an n-butanol-biodiesel droplet," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 490-499.
    7. Han, Kai & Liu, Yu & Wang, Chengxin & Tian, Junjian & Song, Zhihui & Lin, Qizhao & Meng, Kesheng, 2021. "Experimental study on the evaporation characteristics of biodiesel-ABE blended droplets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C).
    8. Mwangi, John Kennedy & Lee, Wen-Jhy & Chang, Yu-Cheng & Chen, Chia-Yang & Wang, Lin-Chi, 2015. "An overview: Energy saving and pollution reduction by using green fuel blends in diesel engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 159(C), pages 214-236.
    9. Bergthorson, Jeffrey M. & Thomson, Murray J., 2015. "A review of the combustion and emissions properties of advanced transportation biofuels and their impact on existing and future engines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 42(C), pages 1393-1417.
    10. Han, Kai & Pang, Bo & Zhao, Changlu & Ni, Zhaojing & Qi, Zhengda, 2019. "An experimental study of the puffing and evaporation characteristics of acetone–butanol–ethanol (ABE) and diesel blend droplets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 331-340.
    11. Liu, Kaimin & Fu, Jianqin & Deng, Banglin & Yang, Jing & Tang, Qijun & Liu, Jingping, 2014. "The influences of pressure and temperature on laminar flame propagations of n-butanol, iso-octane and their blends," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 73(C), pages 703-715.
    12. Han, Kai & Pang, Bo & Ma, Xiaokang & Chen, Hao & Song, Guoqian & Ni, Zhaojing, 2017. "An experimental study of the burning characteristics of acetone–butanol–ethanol and diesel blend droplets," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 139(C), pages 853-861.
    13. Thangavelu, Saravana Kannan & Ahmed, Abu Saleh & Ani, Farid Nasir, 2016. "Review on bioethanol as alternative fuel for spark ignition engines," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 820-835.
    14. Masum, B.M. & Masjuki, H.H. & Kalam, M.A. & Rizwanul Fattah, I.M. & Palash, S.M. & Abedin, M.J., 2013. "Effect of ethanol–gasoline blend on NOx emission in SI engine," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 209-222.
    15. Zhang, Yu & Huang, Ronghua & Chen, Xi & Qin, Tian & Huang, Sheng & Zhou, Pei & Lou, Chun, 2019. "Experimental study on auto-ignition characteristics of a butanol-hexadecane droplet under elevated pressures and temperatures," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 171(C), pages 654-665.
    16. Bora, Plaban & Konwar, Lakhya Jyoti & Boro, Jutika & Phukan, Mayur Mausoom & Deka, Dhanapati & Konwar, Bolin Kumar, 2014. "Hybrid biofuels from non-edible oils: A comparative standpoint with corresponding biodiesel," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 135(C), pages 450-460.
    17. Suiuay, Chokchai & Laloon, Kittipong & Katekaew, Somporn & Senawong, Kritsadang & Noisuwan, Phakamat & Sudajan, Somposh, 2020. "Effect of gasoline-like fuel obtained from hard-resin of Yang (Dipterocarpus alatus) on single cylinder gasoline engine performance and exhaust emissions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 153(C), pages 634-645.
    18. Awad, Omar I. & Ali, Obed M. & Mamat, Rizalman & Abdullah, A.A. & Najafi, G. & Kamarulzaman, M.K. & Yusri, I.M. & Noor, M.M., 2017. "Using fusel oil as a blend in gasoline to improve SI engine efficiencies: A comprehensive review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 1232-1242.
    19. Wei, Haiqiao & Feng, Dengquan & Pan, Mingzhang & Pan, JiaYing & Rao, XiaoKang & Gao, Dongzhi, 2016. "Experimental investigation on the knocking combustion characteristics of n-butanol gasoline blends in a DISI engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 346-355.
    20. Kumar, Himansh & Sarma, A.K. & Kumar, Pramod, 2020. "A comprehensive review on preparation, characterization, and combustion characteristics of microemulsion based hybrid biofuels," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 117(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:11:y:2018:i:5:p:1121-:d:144206. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: MDPI Indexing Manager (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.mdpi.com .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.