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Energy recovery from the water cycle: Thermal energy from drinking water

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  • van der Hoek, Jan Peter
  • Mol, Stefan
  • Giorgi, Sara
  • Ahmad, Jawairia Imtiaz
  • Liu, Gang
  • Medema, Gertjan

Abstract

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions contribute to climate change. The public water utility of Amsterdam wants to operate climate neutrally in 2020 to reduce its GHG emissions. Energy recovery from the water cycle has a large potential to contribute to this goal: the recovered energy is an alternative for fossil fuel and thus contributes to the reduction of GHG emissions. One of the options concerns thermal energy recovery from drinking water. In Amsterdam, drinking water is produced from surface water, resulting in high drinking water temperatures in summer and low drinking water temperatures in winter. This makes it possible to apply both cold recovery and heat recovery from drinking water. For a specific case, the effects of cold recovery from drinking water were analyzed on three decisive criteria: the effect on the GHG emissions, the financial implications, and the effect on the microbiological drinking water quality. It is shown that cold recovery from drinking water results in a 90% reduction of GHG emissions, and that it has a positive financial business case: Total Cost of Ownership reduced with 17%. The microbial drinking water quality is not affected, but biofilm formation in the drinking water pipes increased after cold recovery.

Suggested Citation

  • van der Hoek, Jan Peter & Mol, Stefan & Giorgi, Sara & Ahmad, Jawairia Imtiaz & Liu, Gang & Medema, Gertjan, 2018. "Energy recovery from the water cycle: Thermal energy from drinking water," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 977-987.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:162:y:2018:i:c:p:977-987
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.08.097
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. De Pasquale, A.M. & Giostri, A. & Romano, M.C. & Chiesa, P. & Demeco, T. & Tani, S., 2017. "District heating by drinking water heat pump: Modelling and energy analysis of a case study in the city of Milan," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 118(C), pages 246-263.
    2. Guo, Xiaofeng & Hendel, Martin, 2018. "Urban water networks as an alternative source for district heating and emergency heat-wave cooling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 79-87.
    3. Werner, Sven, 2017. "International review of district heating and cooling," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 137(C), pages 617-631.
    4. Elías-Maxil, J.A. & van der Hoek, Jan Peter & Hofman, Jan & Rietveld, Luuk, 2014. "Energy in the urban water cycle: Actions to reduce the total expenditure of fossil fuels with emphasis on heat reclamation from urban water," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 30(C), pages 808-820.
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    1. Jawairia Imtiaz Ahmad & Sara Giorgi & Ljiljana Zlatanovic & Gang Liu & Jan Peter van der Hoek, 2021. "Maximizing Thermal Energy Recovery from Drinking Water for Cooling Purpose," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-14, April.
    2. Hypolite, Gautier & Boutin, Olivier & Sole, Sandrine Del & Cloarec, Jean-François & Ferrasse, Jean-Henry, 2023. "Evaluation of a water network’s energy potential in dynamic operation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 271(C).
    3. Piero Morseletto & Caro Eline Mooren & Stefania Munaretto, 2022. "Circular Economy of Water: Definition, Strategies and Challenges," Circular Economy and Sustainability, Springer, vol. 2(4), pages 1463-1477, December.
    4. Hubeck-Graudal, Helga & Kirstein, Jonas Kjeld & Ommen, Torben & Rygaard, Martin & Elmegaard, Brian, 2020. "Drinking water supply as low-temperature source in the district heating system: A case study for the city of Copenhagen," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 194(C).
    5. Wen-Poo Yuan & Se-Min Jeong & Wu-Yang Sean & Yi-Hsien Chiang, 2020. "Development of Enhancing Battery Management for Reusing Automotive Lithium-Ion Battery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(13), pages 1-15, June.

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