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Maximizing Thermal Energy Recovery from Drinking Water for Cooling Purpose

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  • Jawairia Imtiaz Ahmad

    (Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
    Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Science and Technology, H-12 Sector, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan)

  • Sara Giorgi

    (Waternet, Korte Ouderkerkerdijk 7, 1096 AC Amsterdam, The Netherlands)

  • Ljiljana Zlatanovic

    (Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
    Water Supply Company Noord-Holland PWN, Rijksweg 501, 1991 AS Velserbroek, The Netherlands
    Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions, Kattenburgerstraat 5, 1018 JA Amsterdam, The Netherlands)

  • Gang Liu

    (Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
    Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Centre for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China)

  • Jan Peter van der Hoek

    (Sanitary Engineering, Department of Water Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands
    Waternet, Korte Ouderkerkerdijk 7, 1096 AC Amsterdam, The Netherlands
    Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions, Kattenburgerstraat 5, 1018 JA Amsterdam, The Netherlands)

Abstract

Drinking water distribution networks (DWDNs) have a huge potential for cold thermal energy recovery (TED). TED can provide cooling for buildings and spaces with high cooling requirements as an alternative for traditional cooling, reduce usage of electricity or fossil fuel, and thus TED helps reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. There is no research on the environmental assessment of TED systems, and no standards are available for the maximum temperature limit (T max ) after recovery of cold. During cold recovery, the water temperature increases, and water at the customer’s tap may be warmer as a result. Previous research showed that increasing T max up to 30 °C is safe in terms of microbiological risks. The present research was carried out to determine what raising T max would entail in terms of energy savings, GHG emission reduction and water temperature dynamics during transport. For this purpose, a full-scale TED system in Amsterdam was used as a benchmark, where T max is currently set at 15 °C. T max was theoretically set at 20, 25 and 30 °C to calculate energy savings and CO 2 emission reduction and for water temperature modeling during transport after cold recovery. Results showed that by raising T max from the current 15 °C to 20, 25 and 30 °C, the retrievable cooling energy and GHG emission reduction could be increased by 250, 425 and 600%, respectively. The drinking water temperature model predicted that within a distance of 4 km after TED, water temperature resembles that of the surrounding subsurface soil. Hence, a higher T max will substantially increase the TED potential of DWDN while keeping the same comfort level at the customer’s tap.

Suggested Citation

  • Jawairia Imtiaz Ahmad & Sara Giorgi & Ljiljana Zlatanovic & Gang Liu & Jan Peter van der Hoek, 2021. "Maximizing Thermal Energy Recovery from Drinking Water for Cooling Purpose," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(9), pages 1-14, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:9:p:2413-:d:542089
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    References listed on IDEAS

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