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Battery swap pricing and charging strategy for electric taxis in China

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  • Liang, Yanni
  • Zhang, Xingping

Abstract

The energy-saving and emission-reduction performance of electric vehicle is closely related to its charging method and operation mode. In order to enhance the energy-saving and emission-reduction effect of electric vehicles, this paper develops a real-time battery swap pricing model for electric taxis in China from the perspective of system. The charging and swapping system covers various stakeholders who have significant impacts on battery swap pricing. So the proposed model includes five modules: power grid load monitoring, generator set dispatch, battery swapping station operation, electric taxi driver response and evaluation of all stakeholders' benefits. To reduce the carbon emissions of electric taxis' energy source and maximize the global benefits to all stakeholders, authors consider four battery swap pricing scenarios and two charging strategies for battery swapping station, and design a battery swap pricing mechanism in China according to the analysis results. The simulation results demonstrate that battery swap pricing based on a peak-valley time-of-use tariff with a decentralized charging strategy has the greatest energy efficiency and economic effects which can enhance 45371.15 kg carbon emissions reduction and 48220.86 yuan combine benefits to all stakeholders.

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  • Liang, Yanni & Zhang, Xingping, 2018. "Battery swap pricing and charging strategy for electric taxis in China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 561-577.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:147:y:2018:i:c:p:561-577
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.01.082
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Zhan, Weipeng & Wang, Zhenpo & Zhang, Lei & Liu, Peng & Cui, Dingsong & Dorrell, David G., 2022. "A review of siting, sizing, optimal scheduling, and cost-benefit analysis for battery swapping stations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 258(C).
    2. Hao Qiang & Yanchun Hu & Wenqi Tang & Xiaohua Zhang, 2023. "Research on Optimization Strategy of Battery Swapping for Electric Taxis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(5), pages 1-15, February.
    3. Kaifu Yuan & Chao Li & Guangqiang Wu, 2023. "Study on Vehicle Supply Chain Operation Mode Selection Based on Battery Leasing and Battery Swapping Services," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(14), pages 1-21, July.
    4. Wang, Yang & Lai, Kexing & Chen, Fengyun & Li, Zhengming & Hu, Chunhua, 2019. "Shadow price based co-ordination methods of microgrids and battery swapping stations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 253(C), pages 1-1.
    5. Yan, Jie & Menghwar, Mohan & Asghar, Ehtisham & Kumar Panjwani, Manoj & Liu, Yongqian, 2019. "Real-time energy management for a smart-community microgrid with battery swapping and renewables," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 238(C), pages 180-194.
    6. Wang, Jiawei & Guo, Qinglai & Sun, Hongbin & Chen, Min, 2023. "Collaborative optimization of logistics and electricity for the mobile charging service system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 336(C).
    7. Patel, Minakshi & Arora, Pratham & Singh, Rhythm & Mahapatra, Diptiranjan & Chaturvedi, Vaibhav & Kumar Saini, Santosh, 2024. "Impact of battery swapping in the passenger sector: EV adoption, emissions, and energy mix," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    8. Hu, Xu & Yang, Zhaojun & Sun, Jun & Zhang, Yali, 2023. "Optimal pricing strategy for electric vehicle battery swapping: Pay-per-swap or subscription?," Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, Elsevier, vol. 171(C).
    9. Amiri, Saeed Salimi & Jadid, Shahram & Saboori, Hedayat, 2018. "Multi-objective optimum charging management of electric vehicles through battery swapping stations," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(PB), pages 549-562.
    10. Yang, Jie & Liu, Wei & Ma, Kai & Yue, Zhiyuan & Zhu, Anhu & Guo, Shiliang, 2023. "An optimal battery allocation model for battery swapping station of electric vehicles," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 272(C).
    11. Cui, Dingsong & Wang, Zhenpo & Liu, Peng & Wang, Shuo & Dorrell, David G. & Li, Xiaohui & Zhan, Weipeng, 2023. "Operation optimization approaches of electric vehicle battery swapping and charging station: A literature review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(PE).
    12. Jian, Liu & Zechun, Hu & Banister, David & Yongqiang, Zhao & Zhongying, Wang, 2018. "The future of energy storage shaped by electric vehicles: A perspective from China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 249-257.
    13. Guohao Li & Tao Wang, 2022. "Long-Term Leases vs. One-Off Purchases: Game Analysis on Battery Swapping Mode Considering Cascade Utilization and Power Structure," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(24), pages 1-28, December.
    14. Mahoor, Mohsen & Hosseini, Zohreh S. & Khodaei, Amin, 2019. "Least-cost operation of a battery swapping station with random customer requests," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 172(C), pages 913-921.
    15. Zhang, Shuo & Li, Xinxin & Li, Yingzi & Zheng, Yidan & Liu, Jie, 2023. "A green-fitting dispatching model of station cluster for battery swapping under charging-discharging mode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 276(C).
    16. Dongpu Fu & Jiarui Sun & Cuiyou Yao & Fulei Shi, 2024. "The influence of policy incentives on the diffusion of battery-swapping taxis and stations: a coupled evolutionary game model in complex networks," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 26(10), pages 26945-26969, October.
    17. Zhou, Min & Long, Piao & Kong, Nan & Zhao, Lindu & Jia, Fu & Campy, Kathryn S., 2021. "Characterizing the motivational mechanism behind taxi driver’s adoption of electric vehicles for living: Insights from China," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 144(C), pages 134-152.
    18. Tao, Ye & Huang, Miaohua & Chen, Yupu & Yang, Lan, 2020. "Orderly charging strategy of battery electric vehicle driven by real-world driving data," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    19. Xuewen Geng & Fengbin An & Chengmin Wang & Xi He, 2023. "Battery Swapping Station Pricing Optimization Considering Market Clearing and Electric Vehicles’ Driving Demand," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-14, April.
    20. Nayak, Dhyaan Sandeep & Misra, Shamik, 2024. "An operational scheduling framework for Electric Vehicle Battery Swapping Station under demand uncertainty," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).

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