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Improving Electric Vehicle Charging Coordination Through Area Pricing

Author

Listed:
  • Christoph M. Flath

    (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany)

  • Jens P. Ilg

    (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany)

  • Sebastian Gottwalt

    (Forschungszentrum Informatik, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany)

  • Hartmut Schmeck

    (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany)

  • Christof Weinhardt

    (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany)

Abstract

Meeting charging demands of large electric vehicle fleets will raise electrical load significantly and may pose challenges for today’s power system. Appropriate coordination of electric vehicle charging can reduce these threats. Acknowledging the interdependency between the transportation and the power system created by electric vehicles, we develop a charging coordination model based on German mobility data. We extend the prior work by explicitly accounting for both the temporal and the spatial dimension. We are thus able to analyze the loads from price-based EV fleet charging while at the same time accounting for distribution grid constraints. Furthermore, we propose a heuristic charging strategy based on limited trip and price information. Our results show that the sole use of time-based electricity prices for the coordination of electric vehicle charging produces high load spikes independent of the charging strategies and power levels. These peaks are induced by simultaneous charging activity and may cause stability problems within distribution grids in residential areas. To mitigate these load spikes, we introduce a spatial price component that reflects local capacity utilization. These local prices induce both a temporal and spatial shift of charging activity that mitigates the load spikes.

Suggested Citation

  • Christoph M. Flath & Jens P. Ilg & Sebastian Gottwalt & Hartmut Schmeck & Christof Weinhardt, 2014. "Improving Electric Vehicle Charging Coordination Through Area Pricing," Transportation Science, INFORMS, vol. 48(4), pages 619-634, November.
    • Handle: RePEc:inm:ortrsc:v:48:y:2014:i:4:p:619-634
    DOI: 10.1287/trsc.2013.0467
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    2. Lieven, Theo, 2015. "Policy measures to promote electric mobility – A global perspective," Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, Elsevier, vol. 82(C), pages 78-93.
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    6. Schoch, Jennifer & Gaerttner, Johannes & Schuller, Alexander & Setzer, Thomas, 2018. "Enhancing electric vehicle sustainability through battery life optimal charging," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 112(C), pages 1-18.
    7. Christoph M. Flath & Sebastian Gottwalt, 2016. "Price-based load coordination revisited: augmenting open-loop coordination approaches," Business Research, Springer;German Academic Association for Business Research, vol. 9(1), pages 157-178, April.
    8. Steffen Limmer, 2019. "Evaluation of Optimization-Based EV Charging Scheduling with Load Limit in a Realistic Scenario," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(24), pages 1-16, December.
    9. Signer, Tim & Baumgartner, Nora & Ruppert, Manuel & Sandmeier, Thorben & Fichtner, Wolf, 2024. "Modeling V2G spot market trading: The impact of charging tariffs on economic viability," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
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    11. Shen, Zuo-Jun Max & Feng, Bo & Mao, Chao & Ran, Lun, 2019. "Optimization models for electric vehicle service operations: A literature review," Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 462-477.
    12. Strobel, Leo & Schlund, Jonas & Pruckner, Marco, 2022. "Joint analysis of regional and national power system impacts of electric vehicles—A case study for Germany on the county level in 2030," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 315(C).
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    14. Alexandra Märtz & Uwe Langenmayr & Sabrina Ried & Katrin Seddig & Patrick Jochem, 2022. "Charging Behavior of Electric Vehicles: Temporal Clustering Based on Real-World Data," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(18), pages 1-26, September.
    15. Verzijlbergh, R.A. & De Vries, L.J. & Dijkema, G.P.J. & Herder, P.M., 2017. "Institutional challenges caused by the integration of renewable energy sources in the European electricity sector," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 660-667.
    16. Ensslen, Axel & Ringler, Philipp & Dörr, Lasse & Jochem, Patrick & Zimmermann, Florian & Fichtner, Wolf, 2018. "Incentivizing smart charging: Modeling charging tariffs for electric vehicles in German and French electricity markets," MPRA Paper 91543, University Library of Munich, Germany, revised 17 Feb 2018.
    17. Feifeng Zheng & Zhixin Wang & Zhaojie Wang & Ming Liu, 2023. "Daytime and Overnight Joint Charging Scheduling for Battery Electric Buses Considering Time-Varying Charging Power," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(13), pages 1-19, July.

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