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Water-energy and GHG nexus assessment of alternative heat recovery options in industry: A case study on electric steelmaking in Europe

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  • Chinese, Damiana
  • Santin, Maurizio
  • Saro, Onorio

Abstract

In the last few years, the water-energy nexus concept has emerged as a global issue. However, studies on European countries are relatively few, and often focused on agriculture. Cooling purposes represent the main part of industrial water demand, and waste-heat recovery is a main strategy to improve resource efficiency. This paper presents a real case study of low-temperature waste-heat recovery in an electric steelmaking industry and evaluates the impact of feasible interventions on primary energy and water consumption, as well as on CO2 equivalent emissions. Based on a Europe wide review of energy and water prices, of energy sources and corresponding resource efficiency indicators, a Monte Carlo model was developed to undertake a generalization of the case study to the EU-15. It was found that solutions with the lowest primary energy demand and the lowest CO2 equivalent emissions demonstrate the greatest water footprint. This is the case of some southern European countries, where heat recovery projects with the highest water intensity are feasible due to high electricity and low water prices. As increasing carbon prices may exacerbate this phenomenon, inducing a switch to water intensive technologies, incentives to carbon emission reduction should be carefully designed.

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  • Chinese, Damiana & Santin, Maurizio & Saro, Onorio, 2017. "Water-energy and GHG nexus assessment of alternative heat recovery options in industry: A case study on electric steelmaking in Europe," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 2670-2687.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:141:y:2017:i:c:p:2670-2687
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2017.09.043
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

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    2. Yuan Liu & Qinliang Tan & Jian Han & Mingxin Guo, 2021. "Energy–Water–CO 2 Synergetic Optimization Based on a Mixed-Integer Linear Resource Planning Model Concerning the Demand Side Management in Beijing’s Power Structure Transformation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-17, June.
    3. Broniszewski, Mariusz & Werle, Sebastian & Sobek, Szymon & Zaik, Karolina, 2022. "Technical and economic assessment of ORC and cogeneration including a combined variant – A case study for the Polish automotive fastener industry company," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    4. Liu, J. & Nie, S. & Shan, B.G. & Li, Y.P. & Huang, G.H. & Liu, Z.P., 2019. "Development of an interval-credibility-chance constrained energy-water nexus system planning model—a case study of Xiamen, China," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 181(C), pages 677-693.
    5. Francesco Calise & Maria Vicidomini & Mário Costa & Qiuwang Wang & Poul Alberg Østergaard & Neven Duić, 2019. "Toward an Efficient and Sustainable Use of Energy in Industries and Cities," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(16), pages 1-28, August.
    6. Wu, Junnian & Pu, Guangying & Guo, Yan & Lv, Jingwen & Shang, Jiangwei, 2018. "Retrospective and prospective assessment of exergy, life cycle carbon emissions, and water footprint for coking network evolution in China," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C), pages 479-493.
    7. Michele Libralato & Giovanni Murano & Alessandra De Angelis & Onorio Saro & Vincenzo Corrado, 2020. "Influence of the Meteorological Record Length on the Generation of Representative Weather Files," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(8), pages 1-19, April.
    8. Hao Li & Yuhuan Zhao & Jiang Lin, 2020. "A review of the energy–carbon–water nexus: Concepts, research focuses, mechanisms, and methodologies," Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Energy and Environment, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 9(1), January.

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