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Humidified micro gas turbines for domestic users: An economic and primary energy savings analysis

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  • Montero Carrero, Marina
  • De Paepe, Ward
  • Bram, Svend
  • Musin, Frédéric
  • Parente, Alessandro
  • Contino, Francesco

Abstract

Micro Gas Turbines (mGTs) offer valuable advantages for small-scale Combined Heat and Power (CHP) production compared to reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines (ICEs): lower maintenance costs per kWhe, cleaner exhaust, lower vibration levels and concentration of the residual heat in a single source (the exhaust gases). Nevertheless, mGTs have lower electrical efficiencies, fact that has prevented them from penetrating in the CHP market. Hot liquid water injection—by means of a saturation tower within the micro Humid Air Turbine (mHAT) cycle—allows both improving the flexibility of heat production and the electrical efficiency of mGTs; two qualities that if enhanced would increase the economic feasibility of the technology. Although the advantages of mHAT technology have been proven from a thermodynamic point of view, its economic performance has not yet been fully investigated. This paper presents a comparison of the economic profitability and the primary energy savings of an mGT, an ICE and an mHAT unit operating in real network conditions. Our aim is to investigate whether the increase in flexibility and electrical efficiency, achieved when transforming an mGT into an mHAT, allows this technology to economically outperform ICEs. Results show that the three units are viable in scenarios with high electricity and low natural gas prices. For the cases in which investment is feasible, the revenues with mHAT are the highest: thanks to their flexibility in heat generation, mHAT units are able to run all year long. On the other hand, the greatest primary energy savings are achieved with ICE units—which have the highest overall efficiencies—while mHAT savings are substantially lower.

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  • Montero Carrero, Marina & De Paepe, Ward & Bram, Svend & Musin, Frédéric & Parente, Alessandro & Contino, Francesco, 2016. "Humidified micro gas turbines for domestic users: An economic and primary energy savings analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 117(P2), pages 429-438.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:energy:v:117:y:2016:i:p2:p:429-438
    DOI: 10.1016/j.energy.2016.04.024
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    5. Montero Carrero, Marina & De Paepe, Ward & Bram, Svend & Parente, Alessandro & Contino, Francesco, 2017. "Does humidification improve the micro Gas Turbine cycle? Thermodynamic assessment based on Sankey and Grassmann diagrams," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 1163-1171.
    6. De Paepe, Ward & Montero Carrero, Marina & Bram, Svend & Contino, Francesco & Parente, Alessandro, 2017. "Waste heat recovery optimization in micro gas turbine applications using advanced humidified gas turbine cycle concepts," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 207(C), pages 218-229.
    7. Kanbur, Baris Burak & Xiang, Liming & Dubey, Swapnil & Choo, Fook Hoong & Duan, Fei, 2017. "Thermoeconomic assessment of a micro cogeneration system with LNG cold utilization," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 129(C), pages 171-184.
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    9. Simeon Dybe & Michael Bartlett & Jens Pålsson & Panagiotis Stathopoulos, 2021. "TopCycle: A Novel High Performance and Fuel Flexible Gas Turbine Cycle," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(2), pages 1-18, January.
    10. Renzi, Massimiliano & Patuzzi, Francesco & Baratieri, Marco, 2017. "Syngas feed of micro gas turbines with steam injection: Effects on performance, combustion and pollutants formation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 697-707.
    11. Coppitters, Diederik & Contino, Francesco & El-Baz, Ahmed & Breuhaus, Peter & De Paepe, Ward, 2020. "Techno-economic feasibility study of a solar-powered distributed cogeneration system producing power and distillate water: Sensitivity and exergy analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 150(C), pages 1089-1097.
    12. Pappa, Alessio & Cordier, Marie & Bénard, Pierre & Bricteux, Laurent & De Paepe, Ward, 2022. "How do water and CO2 impact the stability and emissions of the combustion in a micro gas turbine? — A Large Eddy Simulations comparison," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 248(C).

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