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Making the clean available: Escaping India’s Chulha Trap

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  • Smith, Kirk R.
  • Sagar, Ambuj

Abstract

Solid cookfuel pollution is the largest energy-related health risk globally and most important cause of ill-health for Indian women and girls. At 700 million cooking with open biomass chulhas, the Indian population exposed has not changed in several decades, in spite of hundreds of programs to make the “available clean”, i.e. to burn biomass cleanly in advanced stoves. While such efforts continue, there is need to open up another front to attack this health hazard. Gas and electric cooking, which are clean at the household, are already the choice for one-third of Indians. Needed is a new agenda to make the “clean available”, i.e., to vigorously extend these clean fuels into populations that are caught in the Chulha Trap. This will require engaging new actors including the power and petroleum ministries as well as the ministry of health, which have not to date been directly engaged in addressing this problem. It will have implications for LPG imports, distribution networks, and electric and gas user technologies, as well as setting new priorities for electrification and biofuels, but at heart needs to be addressed as a health problem, not one of energy access, if it is to be solved effectively.

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  • Smith, Kirk R. & Sagar, Ambuj, 2014. "Making the clean available: Escaping India’s Chulha Trap," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 75(C), pages 410-414.
  • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:75:y:2014:i:c:p:410-414
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2014.09.024
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Gill-Wiehl, A. & Ray, I. & Kammen, D., 2021. "Is clean cooking affordable? A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 151(C).
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    6. Martínez, J. & Martí-Herrero, Jaime & Villacís, S. & Riofrio, A.J. & Vaca, D., 2017. "Analysis of energy, CO2 emissions and economy of the technological migration for clean cooking in Ecuador," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 107(C), pages 182-187.
    7. Dendup, Ngawang & Arimura, Toshi H., 2019. "Information leverage: The adoption of clean cooking fuel in Bhutan," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 181-195.
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    13. Brooks, N. & Bhojvaid, V. & Jeuland, M.A. & Lewis, J.J. & Patange, O. & Pattanayak, S.K., 2016. "How much do alternative cookstoves reduce biomass fuel use? Evidence from North India," Resource and Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 43(C), pages 153-171.
    14. Kumar, Praveen & Kaushalendra Rao, R. & Reddy, N. Hemalatha, 2016. "Sustained uptake of LPG as cleaner cooking fuel in rural India: Role of affordability, accessibility, and awareness," World Development Perspectives, Elsevier, vol. 4(C), pages 33-37.
    15. Mittal, Shivika & Ahlgren, Erik O. & Shukla, P.R., 2019. "Future biogas resource potential in India: A bottom-up analysis," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 379-389.
    16. Eduardo Sánchez-Jacob & Andrés González-García & Javier Mazorra & Pedro Ciller & Julio Lumbreras & José Ignacio Pérez-Arriaga, 2021. "Joint Optimal Planning of Electricity and Modern Energy Cooking Services Access in Nyagatare," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(14), pages 1-24, July.
    17. Srinivas Yerramsetti & Manish Anand & Adrian Ritz, 2022. "Digitalized Welfare for Sustainable Energy Transitions: Examining the Policy Design Aspects of the Cooking Gas Cash Transfers in India," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-20, August.
    18. Gould, Carlos F. & Urpelainen, Johannes, 2018. "LPG as a clean cooking fuel: Adoption, use, and impact in rural India," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 395-408.
    19. Edwina Fingleton-Smith, 2022. "Smoke and mirrors—the complexities of cookstove adoption and use in Kenya," Environment, Development and Sustainability: A Multidisciplinary Approach to the Theory and Practice of Sustainable Development, Springer, vol. 24(3), pages 3926-3946, March.
    20. Neto-Bradley, André Paul & Choudhary, Ruchi & Bazaz, Amir, 2020. "Slipping through the net: Can data science approaches help target clean cooking policy interventions?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 144(C).
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    22. Javier Mart nez-G mez & Javier Mart nez-G mez & Gonzalo Guerr n & Gonzalo Guerr n & A. J. Riofrio, 2017. "Analysis of the Plan Fronteras for Clean Cooking in Ecuador," International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, Econjournals, vol. 7(1), pages 135-145.
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    24. Gould, Carlos F. & Schlesinger, Samuel B. & Molina, Emilio & Bejarano, M. Lorena & Valarezo, Alfredo & Jack, Darby W., 2020. "Household fuel mixes in peri-urban and rural Ecuador: Explaining the context of LPG, patterns of continued firewood use, and the challenges of induction cooking," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    25. Gill-Wiehl, Annelise & Brown, Timothy & Smith, Kirk, 2022. "The need to prioritize consumption: A difference-in-differences approach to analyze the total effect of India's below-the-poverty-line policies on LPG use," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C).

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