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Framing policy on low emissions vehicles in terms of economic gains: Might the most straightforward gain be delivered by supply chain activity to support refuelling?

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  • Turner, Karen
  • Alabi, Oluwafisayo
  • Smith, Martin
  • Irvine, John
  • Dodds, Paul E.

Abstract

A core theme of the UK Government's new Industrial Strategy is exploiting opportunities for domestic supply chain development. This extends to a special ‘Automotive Sector Deal’ that focuses on the shift to low emissions vehicles (LEVs). Here attention is on electric vehicle and battery production and innovation. In this paper, we argue that a more straightforward gain in terms of framing policy around potential economic benefits may be made through supply chain activity to support refuelling of battery/hydrogen vehicles. We set this in the context of LEV refuelling supply chains potentially replicating the strength of domestic upstream linkages observed in the UK electricity and/or gas industries. We use input-output multiplier analysis to deconstruct and assess the structure of these supply chains relative to that of more import-intensive petrol and diesel supply. A crucial multiplier result is that for every £1million of spending on electricity (or gas), 8 full-time equivalent jobs are supported throughout the UK. This compares to less than 3 in the case of petrol/diesel supply. Moreover, the importance of service industries becomes apparent, with 67% of indirect and induced supply chain employment to support electricity generation being located in services industries. The comparable figure for GDP is 42%.

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  • Turner, Karen & Alabi, Oluwafisayo & Smith, Martin & Irvine, John & Dodds, Paul E., 2018. "Framing policy on low emissions vehicles in terms of economic gains: Might the most straightforward gain be delivered by supply chain activity to support refuelling?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 119(C), pages 528-534.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:enepol:v:119:y:2018:i:c:p:528-534
    DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2018.05.011
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    1. Karen Turner & Michelle Gilmartin & Peter G. McGregor & J. Kim Swales, 2012. "An integrated IO and CGE approach to analysing changes in environmental trade balances," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 91(1), pages 161-180, March.
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    4. Green II, Robert C. & Wang, Lingfeng & Alam, Mansoor, 2011. "The impact of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles on distribution networks: A review and outlook," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(1), pages 544-553, January.
    5. Richard Green & Yacob Mulugetta & Zhong Xiang Zhang, 2014. "Sustainable energy policy," Chapters, in: Giles Atkinson & Simon Dietz & Eric Neumayer & Matthew Agarwala (ed.), Handbook of Sustainable Development, chapter 33, pages 532-550, Edward Elgar Publishing.
    6. Geoffrey J.D. Hewings, 1985. "Regional Input-Output Analysis," Wholbk, Regional Research Institute, West Virginia University, number 11 edited by Grant I. Thrall, Fall.
    7. Shiau, Ching-Shin Norman & Samaras, Constantine & Hauffe, Richard & Michalek, Jeremy J., 2009. "Impact of battery weight and charging patterns on the economic and environmental benefits of plug-in hybrid vehicles," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 37(7), pages 2653-2663, July.
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    Cited by:

    1. Alabi, Oluwafisayo & Turner, Karen & Figus, Gioele & Katris, Antonios & Calvillo, Christian, 2020. "Can spending to upgrade electricity networks to support electric vehicles (EVs) roll-outs unlock value in the wider economy?," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    2. Alabi, Oluwafisayo & Turner, Karen & Katris, Antonios & Calvillo, Christian, 2022. "Can network spending to support the shift to electric vehicles deliver wider economy gains? The role of domestic supply chain, price, and real wage effects," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 110(C).
    3. Brita Bye & Kevin R. Kaushal & Orvika Rosnes & Karen Turner & Hidemichi Yonezawa, 2023. "The Road to a Low Emission Society: Costs of Interacting Climate Regulations," Environmental & Resource Economics, Springer;European Association of Environmental and Resource Economists, vol. 86(3), pages 565-603, November.
    4. Oluwafisayo Alabi & Karen Turner & Julia Race & Antonios Katris, 2022. "Proposition for an additional input output multiplier metric to access the value contribution of regional cluster industries," Papers in Regional Science, Wiley Blackwell, vol. 101(4), pages 795-809, August.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    Electric vehicles; Input-output model; Multipliers; Value-added multiplier; Employment multiplier; Supply chain development;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • C67 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Mathematical Methods; Programming Models; Mathematical and Simulation Modeling - - - Input-Output Models
    • Q42 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Alternative Energy Sources
    • Q43 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Energy and the Macroeconomy
    • Q48 - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics; Environmental and Ecological Economics - - Energy - - - Government Policy
    • R48 - Urban, Rural, Regional, Real Estate, and Transportation Economics - - Transportation Economics - - - Government Pricing and Policy

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