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Substance use and substance use disorders as foster youth transition to adulthood

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  • Narendorf, Sarah Carter
  • McMillen, J. Curtis

Abstract

Little research has previously examined substance use and substance use disorders as youth age out of foster care. This study examined rates of getting drunk, marijuana use, and substance use disorders over time for a cohort of 325 older youth in foster care in Missouri. Rates of past month marijuana use increased from 9% at age 17 to 20% at age 19. Rates of getting drunk in past year increased from 18% at age 18 to 31% at age 19. Compared to the general population, older foster youth had lower rates of substance use but higher rates of substance use disorders (SUD), with 15% of youth meeting criteria for a SUD at age 19. Youth who had left the custody of the state had significantly higher rates of alcohol and marijuana use at ages 18 and 19. Transitions out of residential care and into independent living situations were associated with use of substances at age 18. Different risk factors were associated with substance use at ages 18 and age 19 while risk factors for SUDs were more stable over time. Findings highlight the need to screen and provide treatment for SUDs before youth leave state custody and to consider substance abuse treatment in decisions to extend care beyond age 18.

Suggested Citation

  • Narendorf, Sarah Carter & McMillen, J. Curtis, 2010. "Substance use and substance use disorders as foster youth transition to adulthood," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(1), pages 113-119, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:32:y:2010:i:1:p:113-119
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. McCoy, Henrika & McMillen, J. Curtis & Spitznagel, Edward L., 2008. "Older youth leaving the foster care system: Who, what, when, where, and why?," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 30(7), pages 735-745, July.
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    1. Amanda Yoshioka-Maxwell & Eric Rice, 2017. "Exploring the impact of network characteristics on substance use outcomes among homeless former foster youth," International Journal of Public Health, Springer;Swiss School of Public Health (SSPH+), vol. 62(3), pages 371-378, April.
    2. Opara, Ijeoma & Lizarraga, Ashley & Lardier, David T. & Herrera, Andriana & Garcia-Reid, Pauline & Reid, Robert J., 2022. "What happens when we ask? A phenomenological focus group on HIV prevention and sexual health education among emancipated foster care youth," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    3. Kobulsky, Julia M. & Holmes, Megan R. & Yoon, Susan & Perzynski, Adam T., 2016. "Physical abuse after child protective services investigation and adolescent substance use," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 36-44.
    4. Shpiegel, Svetlana & Cascardi, Michele, 2018. "The impact of early childbirth on socioeconomic outcomes and risk indicators of females transitioning out of foster care," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 84(C), pages 1-8.
    5. O'Connor, Louise & Forrester, Donald & Holland, Sally & Williams, Annie, 2014. "Perspectives on children's experiences in families with parental substance misuse and child protection interventions," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 66-74.
    6. Stewart, Shannon L. & Graham, Alana A. & Poss, Jeffrey W., 2023. "Examining the mental health indicators and service needs of children living with foster families," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 147(C).
    7. Maliszewski, Genevieve & Brown, Chris, 2014. "Familism, substance abuse, and sexual risk among foster care alumni," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 36(C), pages 206-212.
    8. Kroeger, Sarah & Monahan, Tess & Perry, Brendan, 2022. "How Can Research Improve Foster Care Policy and Practice?," MPRA Paper 113969, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    9. Barkan, Susan E. & Salazar, Amy M. & Estep, Kara & Mattos, Leah M. & Eichenlaub, Caroline & Haggerty, Kevin P., 2014. "Adapting an evidence-based parenting program for child welfare involved teens and their caregivers," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 41(C), pages 53-61.
    10. Braciszewski, Jordan M. & Stout, Robert L., 2012. "Substance use among current and former foster youth: A systematic review," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 34(12), pages 2337-2344.
    11. Havlicek, Judy R. & Garcia, Antonio R. & Smith, Douglas C., 2013. "Mental health and substance use disorders among foster youth transitioning to adulthood: Past research and future directions," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 35(1), pages 194-203.
    12. Brown, Stephanie & Wilderson, Dina, 2010. "Homelessness prevention for former foster youth: Utilization of transitional housing programs," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 32(10), pages 1464-1472, October.
    13. Brown, Adam & Courtney, Mark E. & Curtis McMillen, J., 2015. "Behavioral health needs and service use among those who've aged-out of foster care," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 163-169.
    14. Salazar, Amy M. & Roe, Stephanie S. & Ullrich, Jessica S. & Haggerty, Kevin P., 2016. "Professional and youth perspectives on higher education-focused interventions for youth transitioning from foster care," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 64(C), pages 23-34.
    15. Heradstveit, Ove & Gjertsen, Nathalie & Iversen, Anette Christine & Aasen Nilsen, Sondre & Gärtner Askeland, Kristin & Christiansen, Øivin & Hysing, Mari, 2020. "Substance-related problems among adolescents in child welfare services: A comparison between individuals receiving in-home services and those in foster care," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 118(C).
    16. Lindner, Abigail Rose & Hanlon, Ryan, 2024. "Outcomes of youth with foster care experiences based on permanency outcome – Adoption, aging out, long-term foster care, and reunification: A systematic review," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 156(C).
    17. Shpiegel, Svetlana & Ocasio, Kerrie, 2015. "Functioning patterns among older adolescents in foster care: Results from a cluster analysis," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 227-235.

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