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Evaluating the evidence for youth outcomes in 4-H: A scoping review

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  • Agans, Jennifer P.
  • Maley, Mary
  • Rainone, Nicolette
  • Cope, Marie
  • Turner, Andrew
  • Eckenrode, John
  • Pillemer, Karl

Abstract

4-H is an extremely influential youth development program, serving over six million youth across the United States and worldwide. These programs are designed to promote youth development; empirical evidence for youth development outcomes of participation in 4-H programs can help to document the nature of their effects on youth. We conducted a scoping review to describe the quality, type, and focus of research on 4-H program outcomes from both peer-reviewed and grey literature. After abstraction, coders assessed 107 papers across several indices, with results indicating that the body of evidence for youth outcomes from 4-H programming is lacking, with no studies rigorously assessing causal program impact. More rigorous research is needed to evaluate and report the evidence for youth outcomes from participation in 4-H. Improving the quality of 4-H research can strengthen 4-H programming.

Suggested Citation

  • Agans, Jennifer P. & Maley, Mary & Rainone, Nicolette & Cope, Marie & Turner, Andrew & Eckenrode, John & Pillemer, Karl, 2020. "Evaluating the evidence for youth outcomes in 4-H: A scoping review," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 108(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:cysrev:v:108:y:2020:i:c:s0190740919308084
    DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.104617
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. Elmore, Kristen C. & Sumner, Rachel & Tifft, Megan & Forstrom, Melanie A. & Burrow, Anthony L., 2019. "Building collaborative youth development research-practice partnerships through Cooperative Extension," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 1-1.
    5. Archibald, Thomas, 2015. "“They Just Know”: The epistemological politics of “evidence-based” non-formal education," Evaluation and Program Planning, Elsevier, vol. 48(C), pages 137-148.
    6. Ramey, Heather L. & Lawford, Heather L. & Rose-Krasnor, Linda & Freeman, John & Lanctot, Jordi, 2018. "Engaging diverse Canadian youth in youth development programs: Program quality and community engagement," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 20-26.
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    1. Gliske, Kate & Ballard, Jaime & Buchanan, Gretchen & Borden, Lynne & Perkins, Daniel Francis, 2021. "The components of quality in youth programs and association with positive youth outcomes: A person-centered approach," Children and Youth Services Review, Elsevier, vol. 120(C).

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