IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/chsofr/v142y2021ics0960077920309383.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Forecasting COVID-19 pandemic using optimal singular spectrum analysis

Author

Listed:
  • Kalantari, Mahdi

Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a pandemic that has affected all countries in the world. The aim of this study is to examine the potential advantages of Singular Spectrum Analysis (SSA) for forecasting the number of daily confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries caused by COVID-19, which are the three main variables of interest. This paper contributes to the literature on forecasting COVID-19 pandemic in several ways. Firstly, an algorithm is proposed to calculate the optimal parameters of SSA including window length and the number of leading components. Secondly, the results of two forecasting approaches in the SSA, namely vector and recurrent forecasting, are compared to those from other commonly used time series forecasting techniques. These include Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), Fractional ARIMA (ARFIMA), Exponential Smoothing, TBATS, and Neural Network Autoregression (NNAR). Thirdly, the best forecasting model is chosen based on the accuracy measure Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), and it is applied to forecast 40 days ahead. These forecasts can help us to predict the future behaviour of this disease and make better decisions. The dataset of Center for Systems Science and Engineering (CSSE) at Johns Hopkins University is adopted to forecast the number of daily confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries for top ten affected countries until October 29, 2020. The findings of this investigation show that no single model can provide the best model for any of the countries and forecasting horizons considered here. However, the SSA technique is found to be viable option for forecasting the number of daily confirmed cases, deaths, and recoveries caused by COVID-19 based on the number of times that it outperforms the competing models.

Suggested Citation

  • Kalantari, Mahdi, 2021. "Forecasting COVID-19 pandemic using optimal singular spectrum analysis," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:142:y:2021:i:c:s0960077920309383
    DOI: 10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110547
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0960077920309383
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.chaos.2020.110547?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Makridakis, Spyros & Hibon, Michele, 2000. "The M3-Competition: results, conclusions and implications," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 16(4), pages 451-476.
    2. Golyandina, Nina & Korobeynikov, Anton & Shlemov, Alex & Usevich, Konstantin, 2015. "Multivariate and 2D Extensions of Singular Spectrum Analysis with the Rssa Package," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 67(i02).
    3. Hyndman, Rob J. & Khandakar, Yeasmin, 2008. "Automatic Time Series Forecasting: The forecast Package for R," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 27(i03).
    4. Yousaf, Muhammad & Zahir, Samiha & Riaz, Muhammad & Hussain, Sardar Muhammad & Shah, Kamal, 2020. "Statistical analysis of forecasting COVID-19 for upcoming month in Pakistan," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    5. Hassani, Hossein & Rua, António & Silva, Emmanuel Sirimal & Thomakos, Dimitrios, 2019. "Monthly forecasting of GDP with mixed-frequency multivariate singular spectrum analysis," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 35(4), pages 1263-1272.
    6. Yun Lu & Mingjiang Wang & Wanqing Wu & Qiquan Zhang & Yufei Han & Tasleem Kausar & Shixiong Chen & Ming Liu & Bo Wang, 2020. "Entropy-Based Pattern Learning Based on Singular Spectrum Analysis Components for Assessment of Physiological Signals," Complexity, Hindawi, vol. 2020, pages 1-17, January.
    7. Hyndman, Rob J. & Koehler, Anne B. & Snyder, Ralph D. & Grose, Simone, 2002. "A state space framework for automatic forecasting using exponential smoothing methods," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 18(3), pages 439-454.
    8. Karasu, Seçkin & Altan, Aytaç & Bekiros, Stelios & Ahmad, Wasim, 2020. "A new forecasting model with wrapper-based feature selection approach using multi-objective optimization technique for chaotic crude oil time series," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C).
    9. Taylor, James W., 2003. "Exponential smoothing with a damped multiplicative trend," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 19(4), pages 715-725.
    10. Arora, Parul & Kumar, Himanshu & Panigrahi, Bijaya Ketan, 2020. "Prediction and analysis of COVID-19 positive cases using deep learning models: A descriptive case study of India," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    11. Zeroual, Abdelhafid & Harrou, Fouzi & Dairi, Abdelkader & Sun, Ying, 2020. "Deep learning methods for forecasting COVID-19 time-Series data: A Comparative study," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    12. Arias Velásquez, Ricardo Manuel & Mejía Lara, Jennifer Vanessa, 2020. "Forecast and evaluation of COVID-19 spreading in USA with reduced-space Gaussian process regression," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 136(C).
    13. John Haslett & Adrian E. Raftery, 1989. "Space‐Time Modelling with Long‐Memory Dependence: Assessing Ireland's Wind Power Resource," Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series C, Royal Statistical Society, vol. 38(1), pages 1-21, March.
    14. Lahmiri, Salim, 2018. "Minute-ahead stock price forecasting based on singular spectrum analysis and support vector regression," Applied Mathematics and Computation, Elsevier, vol. 320(C), pages 444-451.
    15. Fotios Petropoulos & Spyros Makridakis, 2020. "Forecasting the novel coronavirus COVID-19," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(3), pages 1-8, March.
    16. Arteche, Josu & García-Enríquez, Javier, 2017. "Singular Spectrum Analysis for signal extraction in Stochastic Volatility models," Econometrics and Statistics, Elsevier, vol. 1(C), pages 85-98.
    17. Sarkar, Kankan & Khajanchi, Subhas & Nieto, Juan J., 2020. "Modeling and forecasting the COVID-19 pandemic in India," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    18. Chimmula, Vinay Kumar Reddy & Zhang, Lei, 2020. "Time series forecasting of COVID-19 transmission in Canada using LSTM networks," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    19. Golyandina, Nina & Korobeynikov, Anton, 2014. "Basic Singular Spectrum Analysis and forecasting with R," Computational Statistics & Data Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 71(C), pages 934-954.
    20. Ghanbari, Behzad, 2020. "On forecasting the spread of the COVID-19 in Iran: The second wave," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    21. Singh, Sarbjit & Parmar, Kulwinder Singh & Kumar, Jatinder & Makkhan, Sidhu Jitendra Singh, 2020. "Development of new hybrid model of discrete wavelet decomposition and autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models in application to one month forecast the casualties cases of COVID-19," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 135(C).
    22. Altan, Aytaç & Karasu, Seçkin & Bekiros, Stelios, 2019. "Digital currency forecasting with chaotic meta-heuristic bio-inspired signal processing techniques," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 126(C), pages 325-336.
    23. Altan, Aytaç & Karasu, Seçkin, 2020. "Recognition of COVID-19 disease from X-ray images by hybrid model consisting of 2D curvelet transform, chaotic salp swarm algorithm and deep learning technique," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    24. Andrea Saayman & Jacques de Klerk, 2019. "Forecasting tourist arrivals using multivariate singular spectrum analysis," Tourism Economics, , vol. 25(3), pages 330-354, May.
    25. Salgotra, Rohit & Gandomi, Mostafa & Gandomi, Amir H, 2020. "Time Series Analysis and Forecast of the COVID-19 Pandemic in India using Genetic Programming," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    26. Yadav, Milind & Perumal, Murukessan & Srinivas, M, 2020. "Analysis on novel coronavirus (COVID-19) using machine learning methods," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 139(C).
    27. Khan, Firdos & Saeed, Alia & Ali, Shaukat, 2020. "Modelling and forecasting of new cases, deaths and recover cases of COVID-19 by using Vector Autoregressive model in Pakistan," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    28. Makridakis, Spyros & Spiliotis, Evangelos & Assimakopoulos, Vassilios, 2020. "The M4 Competition: 100,000 time series and 61 forecasting methods," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 54-74.
    29. Pathan, Refat Khan & Biswas, Munmun & Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin, 2020. "Time series prediction of COVID-19 by mutation rate analysis using recurrent neural network-based LSTM model," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 138(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Hwang, Eunju, 2022. "Prediction intervals of the COVID-19 cases by HAR models with growth rates and vaccination rates in top eight affected countries: Bootstrap improvement," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 155(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tayarani N., Mohammad-H., 2021. "Applications of artificial intelligence in battling against covid-19: A literature review," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 142(C).
    2. Mahdi Kalantari & Hossein Hassani, 2019. "Automatic Grouping in Singular Spectrum Analysis," Forecasting, MDPI, vol. 1(1), pages 1-16, October.
    3. Semenoglou, Artemios-Anargyros & Spiliotis, Evangelos & Makridakis, Spyros & Assimakopoulos, Vassilios, 2021. "Investigating the accuracy of cross-learning time series forecasting methods," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 37(3), pages 1072-1084.
    4. Petropoulos, Fotios & Apiletti, Daniele & Assimakopoulos, Vassilios & Babai, Mohamed Zied & Barrow, Devon K. & Ben Taieb, Souhaib & Bergmeir, Christoph & Bessa, Ricardo J. & Bijak, Jakub & Boylan, Joh, 2022. "Forecasting: theory and practice," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 38(3), pages 705-871.
      • Fotios Petropoulos & Daniele Apiletti & Vassilios Assimakopoulos & Mohamed Zied Babai & Devon K. Barrow & Souhaib Ben Taieb & Christoph Bergmeir & Ricardo J. Bessa & Jakub Bijak & John E. Boylan & Jet, 2020. "Forecasting: theory and practice," Papers 2012.03854, arXiv.org, revised Jan 2022.
    5. Kourentzes, Nikolaos & Petropoulos, Fotios & Trapero, Juan R., 2014. "Improving forecasting by estimating time series structural components across multiple frequencies," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 30(2), pages 291-302.
    6. Spiliotis, Evangelos & Petropoulos, Fotios, 2024. "On the update frequency of univariate forecasting models," European Journal of Operational Research, Elsevier, vol. 314(1), pages 111-121.
    7. Makridakis, Spyros & Hyndman, Rob J. & Petropoulos, Fotios, 2020. "Forecasting in social settings: The state of the art," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 36(1), pages 15-28.
    8. Yanlin Shi & Sixian Tang & Jackie Li, 2020. "A Two-Population Extension of the Exponential Smoothing State Space Model with a Smoothing Penalisation Scheme," Risks, MDPI, vol. 8(3), pages 1-18, June.
    9. Kang, Yanfei & Spiliotis, Evangelos & Petropoulos, Fotios & Athiniotis, Nikolaos & Li, Feng & Assimakopoulos, Vassilios, 2021. "Déjà vu: A data-centric forecasting approach through time series cross-similarity," Journal of Business Research, Elsevier, vol. 132(C), pages 719-731.
    10. Lingbing Feng & Yanlin Shi, 2018. "Forecasting mortality rates: multivariate or univariate models?," Journal of Population Research, Springer, vol. 35(3), pages 289-318, September.
    11. Van Belle, Jente & Crevits, Ruben & Verbeke, Wouter, 2023. "Improving forecast stability using deep learning," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 39(3), pages 1333-1350.
    12. Fotios Petropoulos & Spyros Makridakis, 2020. "Forecasting the novel coronavirus COVID-19," PLOS ONE, Public Library of Science, vol. 15(3), pages 1-8, March.
    13. Matouk, A.E., 2020. "Complex dynamics in susceptible-infected models for COVID-19 with multi-drug resistance," Chaos, Solitons & Fractals, Elsevier, vol. 140(C).
    14. Ahed Abugabah & Farah Shahid, 2023. "Intelligent Health Care and Diseases Management System: Multi-Day-Ahead Predictions of COVID-19," Mathematics, MDPI, vol. 11(4), pages 1-19, February.
    15. Fotios Petropoulos & Enno Siemsen, 2023. "Forecast Selection and Representativeness," Management Science, INFORMS, vol. 69(5), pages 2672-2690, May.
    16. Sbrana, Giacomo & Silvestrini, Andrea, 2022. "Random coefficient state-space model: Estimation and performance in M3–M4 competitions," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 38(1), pages 352-366.
    17. Ferbar Tratar, Liljana & Mojškerc, Blaž & Toman, Aleš, 2016. "Demand forecasting with four-parameter exponential smoothing," International Journal of Production Economics, Elsevier, vol. 181(PA), pages 162-173.
    18. Athanasopoulos, George & Hyndman, Rob J. & Song, Haiyan & Wu, Doris C., 2011. "The tourism forecasting competition," International Journal of Forecasting, Elsevier, vol. 27(3), pages 822-844.
    19. de Silva, Ashton J, 2010. "Forecasting Australian Macroeconomic variables, evaluating innovations state space approaches," MPRA Paper 27411, University Library of Munich, Germany.
    20. Hyndman, Rob J. & Khandakar, Yeasmin, 2008. "Automatic Time Series Forecasting: The forecast Package for R," Journal of Statistical Software, Foundation for Open Access Statistics, vol. 27(i03).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:chsofr:v:142:y:2021:i:c:s0960077920309383. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Thayer, Thomas R. (email available below). General contact details of provider: https://www.journals.elsevier.com/chaos-solitons-and-fractals .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.