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Experimental investigation and thermodynamic performance analysis of a solar dryer using an evacuated-tube air collector

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  • Lamnatou, Chr.
  • Papanicolaou, E.
  • Belessiotis, V.
  • Kyriakis, N.

Abstract

The present work presents a thermodynamic performance analysis of a solar dryer with an evacuated-tube collector. Drying experiments for apples, carrots and apricots were conducted, after a preliminary stage of the investigation which included measurements for the determination of the collector efficiency. These results showed that the warm outlet air of the collector attains temperature levels suitable for drying of agricultural products without the need of preheating. Thus, the present collector was used as the heat source for a drying chamber in the frame of the development of a novel, convective, indirect solar dryer; given the fact that in the literature there are only a few studies about this type of collectors in conjunction with solar drying applications. Thin-layer drying models were fitted to the experimental drying curves, including the recent model of Diamante et al. [18] which showed good correlation coefficients for all the tested products. Drying parameters such as moisture ratio and drying rates were calculated. Furthermore, an energetic/exergetic analysis of the dryer was also conducted and performance coefficients such as pick-up and exergy efficiencies, energy utilization ratio, exergy losses were determined for several configurations such as single and double-trays and several drying air velocities. On the other hand, an optimal collector surface area study was conducted, based on laws for minimum entropy generation. Design parameters such as optimum collector area were determined based on the minimum entropy generation number. The mass flow number, along with the maximum collector and fluid exit temperatures were studied in relation to the minimum entropy generation. The energy/exergy analysis proposed, provides a useful tool for the evaluation of this type of collectors regarding their effectiveness as part of a solar drying system. Moreover, the results of the present study showed that the proposed solar dryer has a capacity for drying larger quantities of the products than those considered (in the frame of the experimental study) given the high efficiency of the collector. In general, the proposed system provides an interesting option for the penetration of this type of collectors in large-scale applications in the agricultural and industrial sector.

Suggested Citation

  • Lamnatou, Chr. & Papanicolaou, E. & Belessiotis, V. & Kyriakis, N., 2012. "Experimental investigation and thermodynamic performance analysis of a solar dryer using an evacuated-tube air collector," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 232-243.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:94:y:2012:i:c:p:232-243
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.01.025
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    5. Sabiha, M.A. & Saidur, R. & Mekhilef, Saad & Mahian, Omid, 2015. "Progress and latest developments of evacuated tube solar collectors," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 51(C), pages 1038-1054.
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    7. Malakar, Santanu & Arora, Vinkel Kumar & Nema, Prabhat K., 2021. "Design and performance evaluation of an evacuated tube solar dryer for drying garlic clove," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 168(C), pages 568-580.
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    9. Sharshir, Swellam W. & Joseph, Abanob & Elsayad, Mamoun M. & Hamed, Mofreh H. & Kandeal, A.W., 2024. "Thermo-enviroeconomic assessment of a solar dryer of two various commodities," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
    10. Islam, Md. Parvez & Morimoto, Tetsuo, 2018. "Advances in low to medium temperature non-concentrating solar thermal technology," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 82(P3), pages 2066-2093.
    11. Agathokleous, R. & Barone, G. & Buonomano, A. & Forzano, C. & Kalogirou, S.A. & Palombo, A., 2019. "Building façade integrated solar thermal collectors for air heating: experimentation, modelling and applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(C), pages 658-679.
    12. Shafieian, Abdellah & Khiadani, Mehdi & Nosrati, Ataollah, 2018. "A review of latest developments, progress, and applications of heat pipe solar collectors," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 95(C), pages 273-304.
    13. Wang, Chengbing & Li, Wei & Li, Zhengtong & Fang, Baizeng, 2020. "Solar thermal harvesting based on self-doped nanocermet: Structural merits, design strategies and applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 134(C).
    14. Tiwari, Sumit & Tiwari, G.N., 2016. "Exergoeconomic analysis of photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) mixed mode greenhouse solar dryer," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 155-164.
    15. Chopra, K. & Tyagi, V.V. & Pandey, A.K. & Sari, Ahmet, 2018. "Global advancement on experimental and thermal analysis of evacuated tube collector with and without heat pipe systems and possible applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 351-389.
    16. Jamal-Abad, Milad Tajik & Saedodin, Seyfolah & Aminy, Mohammad, 2016. "Heat transfer in concentrated solar air-heaters filled with a porous medium with radiation effects: A perturbation solution," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 147-154.
    17. Aghbashlo, Mortaza & Mobli, Hossein & Rafiee, Shahin & Madadlou, Ashkan, 2013. "A review on exergy analysis of drying processes and systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 22(C), pages 1-22.
    18. Singh, Sukhmeet & Gill, R.S. & Hans, V.S. & Singh, Manpreet, 2021. "A novel active-mode indirect solar dryer for agricultural products: Experimental evaluation and economic feasibility," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 222(C).
    19. Waseem Amjad & Muhammad Ali Raza & Furqan Asghar & Anjum Munir & Faisal Mahmood & Syed Nabeel Husnain & Muhammad Imtiaz Hussain & Jun-Tae Kim, 2022. "Advanced Exergy Analyses of a Solar Hybrid Food Dehydrator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(4), pages 1-15, February.
    20. Bardy, Erik & Hamdi, Merouane & Havet, Michel & Rouaud, Olivier, 2015. "Transient exergetic efficiency and moisture loss analysis of forced convection drying with and without electrohydrodynamic enhancement," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 89(C), pages 519-527.

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