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Experimental investigation on the dynamic performance of a hybrid PEM fuel cell/battery system for lightweight electric vehicle application

Author

Listed:
  • Tang, Yong
  • Yuan, Wei
  • Pan, Minqiang
  • Wan, Zhenping

Abstract

A hybrid system combining a 2Â kW air-blowing proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) stack and a lead-acid battery pack is developed for a lightweight cruising vehicle. The dynamic performances of this PEMFC system with and without the assistance of the batteries are systematically investigated in a series of laboratory and road tests. The stack current and voltage have timely dynamic responses to the load variations. Particularly, the current overshoot and voltage undershoot both happen during the step-up load tests. These phenomena are closely related to the charge double-layer effect and the mass transfer mechanisms such as the water and gas transport and distribution in the fuel cell. When the external load is beyond the range of the fuel cell system, the battery immediately participates in power output with a higher transient discharging current especially in the accelerating and climbing processes. The DC-DC converter exhibits a satisfying performance in adaptive modulation. It helps rectify the voltage output in a rigid manner and prevent the fuel cell system from being overloaded. The dynamic responses of other operating parameters such as the anodic operating pressure and the inlet and outlet temperatures are also investigated. The results show that such a hybrid system is able to dynamically satisfy the vehicular power demand.

Suggested Citation

  • Tang, Yong & Yuan, Wei & Pan, Minqiang & Wan, Zhenping, 2011. "Experimental investigation on the dynamic performance of a hybrid PEM fuel cell/battery system for lightweight electric vehicle application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(1), pages 68-76, January.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:88:y:2011:i:1:p:68-76
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Henriques, T. & César, B. & Branco, P.J. Costa, 2010. "Increasing the efficiency of a portable PEM fuel cell by altering the cathode channel geometry: A numerical and experimental study," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(4), pages 1400-1409, April.
    2. Bizon, N., 2010. "On tracking robustness in adaptive extremum seeking control of the fuel cell power plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(10), pages 3115-3130, October.
    3. Tang, Yong & Yuan, Wei & Pan, Minqiang & Li, Zongtao & Chen, Guoqing & Li, Yong, 2010. "Experimental investigation of dynamic performance and transient responses of a kW-class PEM fuel cell stack under various load changes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(4), pages 1410-1417, April.
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