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Energy harvesting from the FC stack that operates using the MPP tracking based on modified extremum seeking control

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  • Bizon, Nicu

Abstract

In this paper, a Maximum Power Point (MPP) tracking technique is proposed for the Fuel Cell (FC) stacks based on a modified Extremum Seeking (mES) control that slightly improves the performances of the classical ES control schemes. A higher value of the search speed obtained for the same tracking accuracy is demonstrated for the proposed mES control in comparison with the classical ES control schemes. The analysis made for the mES control in frequency domain reveals interesting relationships to design the control parameters, the values of closed loop gain and the dither amplitude, to obtain the imposed performance related to the search speed and tracking accuracy. The search speed will increase proportionally with the product of both control parameters, so it is practically limited for safe reasons. Finally, in the dynamical operation of the FC stack, a higher loop gain means a shorter time to catch the next MPP. Simulations show that the performances mentioned above are effective for the mES control based on a band pass filter scheme.

Suggested Citation

  • Bizon, Nicu, 2013. "Energy harvesting from the FC stack that operates using the MPP tracking based on modified extremum seeking control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 104(C), pages 326-336.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:104:y:2013:i:c:p:326-336
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2012.11.011
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Bizon, Nicu, 2012. "Energy efficiency of multiport power converters used in plug-in/V2G fuel cell vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(C), pages 431-443.
    2. Bizon, N., 2010. "On tracking robustness in adaptive extremum seeking control of the fuel cell power plants," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(10), pages 3115-3130, October.
    3. Wang, Yun & Chen, Ken S. & Mishler, Jeffrey & Cho, Sung Chan & Adroher, Xavier Cordobes, 2011. "A review of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells: Technology, applications, and needs on fundamental research," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(4), pages 981-1007, April.
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    5. Tang, Yong & Yuan, Wei & Pan, Minqiang & Li, Zongtao & Chen, Guoqing & Li, Yong, 2010. "Experimental investigation of dynamic performance and transient responses of a kW-class PEM fuel cell stack under various load changes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(4), pages 1410-1417, April.
    6. Segura, Francisca & Andújar, José Manuel, 2012. "Power management based on sliding control applied to fuel cell systems: A further step towards the hybrid control concept," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 213-225.
    7. Ishaque, Kashif & Salam, Zainal & Shamsudin, Amir & Amjad, Muhammad, 2012. "A direct control based maximum power point tracking method for photovoltaic system under partial shading conditions using particle swarm optimization algorithm," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 414-422.
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    Cited by:

    1. Ettihir, K. & Boulon, L. & Agbossou, K., 2016. "Optimization-based energy management strategy for a fuel cell/battery hybrid power system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 142-153.
    2. Bizon, Nicu, 2019. "Real-time optimization strategies of Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Systems based on Load-following control: A new strategy, and a comparative study of topologies and fuel economy obtained," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C), pages 444-460.
    3. Nicu Bizon & Mihai Oproescu, 2018. "Experimental Comparison of Three Real-Time Optimization Strategies Applied to Renewable/FC-Based Hybrid Power Systems Based on Load-Following Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-32, December.
    4. He, Wei & Wang, Yang & Shaheed, Mohammad Hasan, 2015. "Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) of a scale-up pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) osmotic power plant," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 584-596.
    5. Bizon, Nicu, 2017. "Energy optimization of fuel cell system by using global extremum seeking algorithm," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 458-474.
    6. Bizon, Nicu, 2016. "Global Maximum Power Point Tracking (GMPPT) of Photovoltaic array using the Extremum Seeking Control (ESC): A review and a new GMPPT ESC scheme," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 57(C), pages 524-539.
    7. Bizon, Nicu & Thounthong, Phatiphat, 2018. "Real-time strategies to optimize the fueling of the fuel cell hybrid power source: A review of issues, challenges and a new approach," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 1089-1102.

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