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Conversion of carbohydrates biomass into levulinate esters using heterogeneous catalysts

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  • Peng, Lincai
  • Lin, Lu
  • Li, Hui
  • Yang, Qiulin

Abstract

The catalytic performances of common solid acids (ZSM-5(25), ZSM-5(36), NaY, H-mordenite, Zr3(PO4)4, SO42-/ZrO2, SO42-/TiO2, and TiO2) for the conversion of carbohydrates such as glucose to methyl levulinate in near-critical methanol were investigated to develop an environmentally benign catalyst with high activity. Among these catalysts employed, sulfated metal oxides (especially SO42-/TiO2) were found to be a type of potential catalysts for prospective utilization, which showed remarkably high selectivity and yield of methyl levulinate and had negligible undesired dimethyl ether formation from the dehydration of methanol. With SO42-/TiO2 as the catalyst, methyl levulinate in ca. 43, 33 and 59mol% yields could be obtained from sucrose, glucose and fructose, respectively, at 473K for 2h reaction time with a catalyst loading of 2.5wt.%. The heterogeneous catalyst (SO42-/TiO2) was easily recovered by filtration and exhibited good catalytic activities after calcination in five cycles of reusing. The surface structure and acidity variations of the fresh and recycled SO42-/TiO2 catalysts after calcination were characterized by XRD and NH3-TPD techniques. The results indicate that the catalyst crystallization structure was preserved after multiple cycles, the acid amount and acid strength of the catalyst reduced gradually as the increasing of recycling times.

Suggested Citation

  • Peng, Lincai & Lin, Lu & Li, Hui & Yang, Qiulin, 2011. "Conversion of carbohydrates biomass into levulinate esters using heterogeneous catalysts," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 88(12), pages 4590-4596.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:88:y:2011:i:12:p:4590-4596
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2011.05.049
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    6. Carlo Pastore & Valeria D’Ambrosio, 2021. "Intensification of Processes for the Production of Ethyl Levulinate Using AlCl 3 ·6H 2 O," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-11, February.
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    8. Kang, Shimin & Fu, Jinxia & Zhang, Gang, 2018. "From lignocellulosic biomass to levulinic acid: A review on acid-catalyzed hydrolysis," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 94(C), pages 340-362.
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    11. Feng, Junfeng & Jiang, Jianchun & Xu, Junming & Yang, Zhongzhi & Wang, Kui & Guan, Qian & Chen, Shuigen, 2015. "Preparation of methyl levulinate from fractionation of direct liquefied bamboo biomass," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 154(C), pages 520-527.
    12. Zhang, Heng & Li, Hu & Hu, Yulin & Venkateswara Rao, Kasanneni Tirumala & Xu, Chunbao (Charles) & Yang, Song, 2019. "Advances in production of bio-based ester fuels with heterogeneous bifunctional catalysts," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 1-1.
    13. Chen, Han & Xu, Qiong & Zhang, Du & Liu, Wenzhu & Liu, Xianxiang & Yin, Dulin, 2021. "Highly efficient synthesis of γ-valerolactone by catalytic conversion of biomass-derived levulinate esters over support-free mesoporous Ni," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 1023-1032.
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    16. Yang, Yu & Abu-Omar, Mahdi M. & Hu, Changwei, 2012. "Heteropolyacid catalyzed conversion of fructose, sucrose, and inulin to 5-ethoxymethylfurfural, a liquid biofuel candidate," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 99(C), pages 80-84.
    17. Dookheh, Maryam & Najafi Chermahini, Alireza, 2023. "Surface modified mesoporous KIT-5: A catalytic approach to obtain butyl levulinate from starch," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 211(C), pages 227-235.

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