Thermal performance assessment for an array of cylindrical Lithium-Ion battery cells using an Air-Cooling system

Modern society depends on energy storage systems like Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries. Li-ion battery cells are delicate to changes in temperature. Extreme environmental conditions affect their life cycle and performance. Therefore, effective cell temperature management is a must for secure and dependable battery operation. Additionally, the high production costs of electric cars must be countered by the adaptability of the battery pack design for modern electric vehicles. As the chemical reactions generate more heat and raise the battery's temperature, it may cause the battery to explode and cause fires in the workplace. To address this issue, the present work attempts to numerically study a novel design of an efficient air-cooling system for improving the performance of lithium-ion batteries by reducing the operational temperatures under a different coolant flow rate. The main output of the presented study is the analysis of a novel design of an efficient air-cooling system for lithium-ion batteries. The study aims to reduce the operational temperatures of the batteries under different coolant flow rates to improve their performance and service life. The numerical simulations are carried out using a finite volume-based computing tool with the K-epsilon (k-ε) turbulence model. The analysis is performed for various pertinent parametric ranges, including the spacing between the batteries, Reynolds numbers, and average Nusselt numbers. The results indicate that increasing air inlet velocity (Re) substantially reduces the average air temperature of the cooling pack and temperature difference (ΔT) of the battery cells, and the cooling pack's average heat transfer rate (Nu) increases monotonically as the Re increases.