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Fast hierarchical coordinated controller for distributed battery energy storage systems to mitigate voltage and frequency deviations

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  • Mejia-Ruiz, Gabriel E.
  • Paternina, Mario R. Arrieta
  • Segundo Sevilla, Felix Rafael
  • Korba, Petr

Abstract

This paper proposes a novel hierarchical optimal control framework to support frequency and voltage in multi-area transmission systems, integrating battery energy storage systems (BESSs). The design is based on the coordinated active and reactive power injection from the BESSs over conventional synchronous generator-based control for fast and timely mitigation of voltage and frequency deviations. The principle of this new idea is to use two hierarchical schemes, one physical and one logical. The objective of the first scheme prioritises the power injection from the BESSs installed in the area where a contingency occurs, consequently reducing the disturbance of the dynamics in the neighbouring areas. In the second scheme, operational rules for aggregated BESSs in each are incorporated, increasing the safety of the asset. The proposed approach exploits the advantages of time-synchronised measurements, the eigensystem realisation algorithm (ERA) identification technique, the optimal linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) controllers and a new aggregating agent that coordinates the power injection of BESSs in a hierarchical and scalable scheme to precisely regulate frequency and voltage of modern transmission grids, increasing their reliability and stability. The feasibility and robustness of the proposal is demonstrated using simulated scenarios with significant load changes and three-phase, three-cycle faults on a modified Kundur-system with four interconnected areas, mitigating frequency and voltage contingencies in less than 450 ms.

Suggested Citation

  • Mejia-Ruiz, Gabriel E. & Paternina, Mario R. Arrieta & Segundo Sevilla, Felix Rafael & Korba, Petr, 2022. "Fast hierarchical coordinated controller for distributed battery energy storage systems to mitigate voltage and frequency deviations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:323:y:2022:i:c:s0306261922009242
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119622
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Guerra, Omar J. & Tejada, Diego A. & Reklaitis, Gintaras V., 2019. "Climate change impacts and adaptation strategies for a hydro-dominated power system via stochastic optimization," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 584-598.
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    Cited by:

    1. Li, Zhihao & Yang, Lun & Xu, Yinliang, 2023. "A dynamics-constrained method for distributed frequency regulation in low-inertia power systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 344(C).
    2. Adrian Nocoń & Stefan Paszek, 2023. "A Comprehensive Review of Power System Stabilizers," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-32, February.
    3. Wadi, Mohammed & Shobole, Abdulfetah & Elmasry, Wisam & Kucuk, Ismail, 2024. "Load frequency control in smart grids: A review of recent developments," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PA).
    4. Tian Mao & Shan He & Yingcong Guan & Mingbo Liu & Wenmeng Zhao & Tao Wang & Wenjun Tang, 2023. "A Novel Allocation Strategy Based on the Model Predictive Control of Primary Frequency Regulation Power for Multiple Distributed Energy Storage Aggregators," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(17), pages 1-21, August.
    5. Sattar, Faisal & Ghosh, Sudipta & Isbeih, Younes J. & El Moursi, Mohamed Shawky & Al Durra, Ahmed & El Fouly, Tarek H.M., 2024. "A predictive tool for power system operators to ensure frequency stability for power grids with renewable energy integration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 353(PB).
    6. Yang, Shaohua & Lao, Keng-Weng & Hui, Hongxun & Chen, Yulin, 2023. "A robustness-enhanced frequency regulation scheme for power system against multiple cyber and physical emergency events," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 350(C).

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