IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v377y2025ipbs030626192401924x.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Optimal allocation of battery energy storage systems to improve system reliability and voltage and frequency stability in weak grids

Author

Listed:
  • Zhang, Dong
  • Shafiullah, G.M.
  • Das, Choton K.
  • Wong, Kok Wai

Abstract

Integration of renewable energy sources like solar and wind power into the power network has increased significantly in recent years. However, these sources are inherently variable and intermittent, which leads to challenges in maintaining grid stability and reliability. A promising solution to these challenges is the strategic deployment of battery energy storage systems (BESS). The BESS can support improving system voltage and frequency stability and increase system reliability because it can rapidly charge and discharge the grid when needed. To fully explore the advantages of BESS in power systems, it is crucial to determine their optimal allocation. Therefore, this paper presents a technique for optimal allocation of BESS in weak grids to bolster system voltage and frequency stability and enhance system reliability. The proposed method uses the recent adaptive grey wolf optimisation (AGWO) algorithm to identify the optimal capacity and placement of the BESS. The AGWO algorithm is a metaheuristic optimisation algorithm that uses a population of wolves to explore the solution space for the best outcome. The outcomes from the AGWO method are validated using grey wolf optimisation (GWO), beluga whale optimisation (BWO), and sparrow search algorithm (SSA). The efficacy of the proposed methodology is validated in a high renewable distributed generation (DG) penetrated weak IEEE-39 bus system using DIgSILENT PowerFactory software. Simulation findings demonstrate that integrating BESS at the optimal location and size can significantly improve the voltage and frequency stability of the grid and increase its reliability. The proposed methodology can help grid operators and system planners make informed decisions on integrating BESS into the grid.

Suggested Citation

  • Zhang, Dong & Shafiullah, G.M. & Das, Choton K. & Wong, Kok Wai, 2025. "Optimal allocation of battery energy storage systems to improve system reliability and voltage and frequency stability in weak grids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 377(PB).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:377:y:2025:i:pb:s030626192401924x
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124541
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030626192401924X
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.124541?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Shafiullah, G.M., 2016. "Hybrid renewable energy integration (HREI) system for subtropical climate in Central Queensland, Australia," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 96(PA), pages 1034-1053.
    2. Ghaffari, Abolfazl & Askarzadeh, Alireza & Fadaeinedjad, Roohollah, 2022. "Optimal allocation of energy storage systems, wind turbines and photovoltaic systems in distribution network considering flicker mitigation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 319(C).
    3. Greenwood, D.M. & Lim, K.Y. & Patsios, C. & Lyons, P.F. & Lim, Y.S. & Taylor, P.C., 2017. "Frequency response services designed for energy storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 115-127.
    4. Luis Santiago Azuara-Grande & Santiago Arnaltes & Jaime Alonso-Martinez & Jose Luis Rodriguez-Amenedo, 2021. "Comparison of Two Energy Management System Strategies for Real-Time Operation of Isolated Hybrid Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-15, October.
    5. Saboori, Hedayat & Hemmati, Reza & Jirdehi, Mehdi Ahmadi, 2015. "Reliability improvement in radial electrical distribution network by optimal planning of energy storage systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(P2), pages 2299-2312.
    6. Sultana, U. & Khairuddin, Azhar B. & Mokhtar, A.S. & Zareen, N. & Sultana, Beenish, 2016. "Grey wolf optimizer based placement and sizing of multiple distributed generation in the distribution system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 111(C), pages 525-536.
    7. Mejia-Ruiz, Gabriel E. & Paternina, Mario R. Arrieta & Segundo Sevilla, Felix Rafael & Korba, Petr, 2022. "Fast hierarchical coordinated controller for distributed battery energy storage systems to mitigate voltage and frequency deviations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    8. Adefarati, T. & Bansal, R.C., 2017. "Reliability and economic assessment of a microgrid power system with the integration of renewable energy resources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 911-933.
    9. Moradijoz, M. & Moghaddam, M. Parsa & Haghifam, M.R., 2018. "A flexible active distribution system expansion planning model: A risk-based approach," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 145(C), pages 442-457.
    10. Mohamad, Farihan & Teh, Jiashen & Lai, Ching-Ming, 2021. "Optimum allocation of battery energy storage systems for power grid enhanced with solar energy," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 223(C).
    11. Melo, S.P. & Brand, U. & Vogt, T. & Telle, J.S. & Schuldt, F. & Maydell, K.v., 2019. "Primary frequency control provided by hybrid battery storage and power-to-heat system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 220-231.
    12. Zhou, P. & Jin, R.Y. & Fan, L.W., 2016. "Reliability and economic evaluation of power system with renewables: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 58(C), pages 537-547.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Edward Alejandro Ortiz & Josimar Tello-Maita & David Celeita & Agustin Marulanda Guerra, 2024. "Advanced Genetic Algorithms for Optimal Battery Siting: A Practical Methodology for Distribution System Operators," Energies, MDPI, vol. 18(1), pages 1-29, December.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Dong Zhang & GM Shafiullah & Choton Kanti Das & Kok Wai Wong, 2023. "Optimal Allocation of Battery Energy Storage Systems to Enhance System Performance and Reliability in Unbalanced Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-35, October.
    2. Parwal, Arvind & Fregelius, Martin & Temiz, Irinia & Göteman, Malin & Oliveira, Janaina G. de & Boström, Cecilia & Leijon, Mats, 2018. "Energy management for a grid-connected wave energy park through a hybrid energy storage system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 231(C), pages 399-411.
    3. Hossain, Eklas & Roy, Shidhartho & Mohammad, Naeem & Nawar, Nafiu & Dipta, Debopriya Roy, 2021. "Metrics and enhancement strategies for grid resilience and reliability during natural disasters," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 290(C).
    4. Lopez, A. & Ogayar, B. & Hernández, J.C. & Sutil, F.S., 2020. "Survey and assessment of technical and economic features for the provision of frequency control services by household-prosumers," Energy Policy, Elsevier, vol. 146(C).
    5. Engels, Jonas & Claessens, Bert & Deconinck, Geert, 2019. "Techno-economic analysis and optimal control of battery storage for frequency control services, applied to the German market," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1036-1049.
    6. Li, Bei & Li, Jiangchen, 2021. "Probabilistic sizing of a low-carbon emission power system considering HVDC transmission and microgrid clusters," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    7. Luo, Tengqi & Xuan, Ang & Wang, Yafei & Li, Guanglei & Fang, Juan & Liu, Zhengguang, 2023. "Energy efficiency evaluation and optimization of active distribution networks with building integrated photovoltaic systems," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(P1).
    8. Mendoza-Vizcaino, Javier & Raza, Muhammad & Sumper, Andreas & Díaz-González, Francisco & Galceran-Arellano, Samuel, 2019. "Integral approach to energy planning and electric grid assessment in a renewable energy technology integration for a 50/50 target applied to a small island," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 524-543.
    9. Gomez-Gonzalez, M. & Hernandez, J.C. & Vera, D. & Jurado, F., 2020. "Optimal sizing and power schedule in PV household-prosumers for improving PV self-consumption and providing frequency containment reserve," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 191(C).
    10. Psarros, Georgios N. & Dratsas, Pantelis A. & Papathanassiou, Stavros A., 2021. "A comparison between central- and self-dispatch storage management principles in island systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    11. Escalera, Alberto & Hayes, Barry & Prodanović, Milan, 2018. "A survey of reliability assessment techniques for modern distribution networks," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 91(C), pages 344-357.
    12. Anju Yadav & Nand Kishor & Richa Negi, 2023. "Bus Voltage Violations under Different Solar Radiation Profiles and Load Changes with Optimally Placed and Sized PV Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(2), pages 1-23, January.
    13. Rastgou, Abdollah, 2024. "Distribution network expansion planning: An updated review of current methods and new challenges," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 189(PB).
    14. Hernández, J.C. & Sanchez-Sutil, F. & Muñoz-Rodríguez, F.J. & Baier, C.R., 2020. "Optimal sizing and management strategy for PV household-prosumers with self-consumption/sufficiency enhancement and provision of frequency containment reserve," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 277(C).
    15. Khawaja, Yara & Allahham, Adib & Giaouris, Damian & Patsios, Charalampos & Walker, Sara & Qiqieh, Issa, 2019. "An integrated framework for sizing and energy management of hybrid energy systems using finite automata," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 257-272.
    16. Fabietti, Luca & Qureshi, Faran A. & Gorecki, Tomasz T. & Salzmann, Christophe & Jones, Colin N., 2018. "Multi-time scale coordination of complementary resources for the provision of ancillary services," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C), pages 1164-1180.
    17. Fitsum Salehu Kebede & Jean-Christophe Olivier & Salvy Bourguet & Mohamed Machmoum, 2021. "Reliability Evaluation of Renewable Power Systems through Distribution Network Power Outage Modelling," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(11), pages 1-25, May.
    18. Moradi-Sepahvand, Mojtaba & Amraee, Turaj, 2021. "Integrated expansion planning of electric energy generation, transmission, and storage for handling high shares of wind and solar power generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    19. Mousavi, Navid & Kothapalli, Ganesh & Habibi, Daryoush & Das, Choton K. & Baniasadi, Ali, 2020. "A novel photovoltaic-pumped hydro storage microgrid applicable to rural areas," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 262(C).
    20. Jiang, Sufan & Gao, Shan & Pan, Guangsheng & Zhao, Xin & Liu, Yu & Guo, Yasen & Wang, Sicheng, 2020. "A novel robust security constrained unit commitment model considering HVDC regulation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 278(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:377:y:2025:i:pb:s030626192401924x. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.