IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v317y2022ics0306261922005360.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Smart centralized energy management system for autonomous microgrid using FPGA

Author

Listed:
  • Elkholy, M.H.
  • Metwally, Hamid
  • Farahat, M.A.
  • Senjyu, Tomonobu
  • Elsayed Lotfy, Mohammed

Abstract

Smart energy management system (SEMS) has become an effective energy-saving tool. In this paper, an efficient energy management system is used for a hybrid system consists of PV, Fuel Cells (FCs), and wind energy systems. The hybrid system is accompanied by a battery energy storage system to act as a backup source in case that the loads exceed the power produced from the three sources. The SEMS is implemented on Altera Cyclone IV EP4CE6 field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) board using QUARTUS II software and LABVIEW. FPGAs are highly flexible and reprogrammable logic devices. Analog to digital converter (ADC) is used to interface the current and voltage of the three sources with FPGA. As a result of the weather fluctuations, the voltage of the three sources is not stable. Therefore, the voltage of the three sources is adjusted using the Buck-Boost converter technology, which is set at 24 V until the merging process takes place. The results prove the high efficiency of the FPGA and its high response to the load changes.

Suggested Citation

  • Elkholy, M.H. & Metwally, Hamid & Farahat, M.A. & Senjyu, Tomonobu & Elsayed Lotfy, Mohammed, 2022. "Smart centralized energy management system for autonomous microgrid using FPGA," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 317(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:317:y:2022:i:c:s0306261922005360
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119164
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261922005360
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119164?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Wu, Yunna & Zhang, Ting & Gao, Rui & Wu, Chenghao, 2021. "Portfolio planning of renewable energy with energy storage technologies for different applications from electricity grid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 287(C).
    2. Adel Alblawi & M. H. Elkholy & M. Talaat, 2019. "ANN for Assessment of Energy Consumption of 4 kW PV Modules over a Year Considering the Impacts of Temperature and Irradiance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 11(23), pages 1-24, November.
    3. Ma, Tao & Yang, Hongxing & Lu, Lin & Peng, Jinqing, 2014. "Technical feasibility study on a standalone hybrid solar-wind system with pumped hydro storage for a remote island in Hong Kong," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 69(C), pages 7-15.
    4. Hakimi, Seyed Mehdi & Hasankhani, Arezoo & Shafie-khah, Miadreza & Catalão, João P.S., 2021. "Stochastic planning of a multi-microgrid considering integration of renewable energy resources and real-time electricity market," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 298(C).
    5. Talaat, M. & Elkholy, M.H. & Farahat, M.A., 2020. "Operating reserve investigation for the integration of wave, solar and wind energies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 197(C).
    6. Pascual, Julio & Arcos-Aviles, Diego & Ursúa, Alfredo & Sanchis, Pablo & Marroyo, Luis, 2021. "Energy management for an electro-thermal renewable–based residential microgrid with energy balance forecasting and demand side management," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 295(C).
    7. Vasiliki Vita, 2017. "Development of a Decision-Making Algorithm for the Optimum Size and Placement of Distributed Generation Units in Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(9), pages 1-13, September.
    8. Wu, Peng & Partridge, Julius & Bucknall, Richard, 2020. "Cost-effective reinforcement learning energy management for plug-in hybrid fuel cell and battery ships," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 275(C).
    9. Shabani, Masoume & Dahlquist, Erik & Wallin, Fredrik & Yan, Jinyue, 2020. "Techno-economic comparison of optimal design of renewable-battery storage and renewable micro pumped hydro storage power supply systems: A case study in Sweden," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    10. Roslan, M.F. & Hannan, M.A. & Jern Ker, Pin & Begum, R.A. & Indra Mahlia, TM & Dong, Z.Y., 2021. "Scheduling controller for microgrids energy management system using optimization algorithm in achieving cost saving and emission reduction," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 292(C).
    11. Adefarati, T. & Bansal, R.C., 2017. "Reliability assessment of distribution system with the integration of renewable distributed generation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P1), pages 158-171.
    12. Fares, Dalila & Fathi, Mohamed & Mekhilef, Saad, 2022. "Performance evaluation of metaheuristic techniques for optimal sizing of a stand-alone hybrid PV/wind/battery system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    13. Lu, Renzhi & Bai, Ruichang & Ding, Yuemin & Wei, Min & Jiang, Junhui & Sun, Mingyang & Xiao, Feng & Zhang, Hai-Tao, 2021. "A hybrid deep learning-based online energy management scheme for industrial microgrid," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 304(C).
    14. Mohammed, Nooriya A. & Al-Bazi, Ammar, 2021. "Management of renewable energy production and distribution planning using agent-based modelling," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 509-520.
    15. Mutezo, G. & Mulopo, J., 2021. "A review of Africa's transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy using circular economy principles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 137(C).
    16. Daud, W.R.W. & Rosli, R.E. & Majlan, E.H. & Hamid, S.A.A. & Mohamed, R. & Husaini, T., 2017. "PEM fuel cell system control: A review," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 113(C), pages 620-638.
    17. Cole, Wesley & Greer, Daniel & Ho, Jonathan & Margolis, Robert, 2020. "Considerations for maintaining resource adequacy of electricity systems with high penetrations of PV and storage," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 279(C).
    18. Talaat, M. & Farahat, M.A. & Elkholy, M.H., 2019. "Renewable power integration: Experimental and simulation study to investigate the ability of integrating wave, solar and wind energies," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 668-682.
    19. Rashid, Syed Aftab & Haider, Zeeshan & Chapal Hossain, S.M. & Memon, Kashan & Panhwar, Fazil & Mbogba, Momoh Karmah & Hu, Peng & Zhao, Gang, 2019. "Retrofitting low-cost heating ventilation and air-conditioning systems for energy management in buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 236(C), pages 648-661.
    20. Lotfi, Mohamed & Almeida, Tiago & Javadi, Mohammad S. & Osório, Gerardo J. & Monteiro, Cláudio & Catalão, João P.S., 2022. "Coordinating energy management systems in smart cities with electric vehicles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 307(C).
    21. Egging-Bratseth, Ruud & Kauko, Hanne & Knudsen, Brage Rugstad & Bakke, Sara Angell & Ettayebi, Amina & Haufe, Ina Renate, 2021. "Seasonal storage and demand side management in district heating systems with demand uncertainty," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    22. Adefarati, T. & Bansal, R.C., 2017. "Reliability and economic assessment of a microgrid power system with the integration of renewable energy resources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 911-933.
    23. Hasankhani, Arezoo & Hakimi, Seyed Mehdi, 2021. "Stochastic energy management of smart microgrid with intermittent renewable energy resources in electricity market," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 219(C).
    24. Mohamed Yassine Allani & Jamel Riahi & Silvano Vergura & Abdelkader Mami, 2021. "FPGA-Based Controller for a Hybrid Grid-Connected PV/Wind/Battery Power System with AC Load," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-17, April.
    25. Duchaud, Jean-Laurent & Notton, Gilles & Darras, Christophe & Voyant, Cyril, 2018. "Power ramp-rate control algorithm with optimal State of Charge reference via Dynamic Programming," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 149(C), pages 709-717.
    26. Ahadi, Amir & Kang, Sang-Kyun & Lee, Jang-Ho, 2016. "A novel approach for optimal combinations of wind, PV, and energy storage system in diesel-free isolated communities," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 170(C), pages 101-115.
    27. Xuan, Ang & Shen, Xinwei & Guo, Qinglai & Sun, Hongbin, 2021. "A conditional value-at-risk based planning model for integrated energy system with energy storage and renewables," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Pabel Alberto Cárdenas & Maximiliano Martínez & Marcelo Gustavo Molina & Pedro Enrique Mercado, 2023. "Development of Control Techniques for AC Microgrids: A Critical Assessment," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(21), pages 1-28, October.
    2. Issoufou Tahirou Halidou & Harun Or Rashid Howlader & Mahmoud M. Gamil & M. H. Elkholy & Tomonobu Senjyu, 2023. "Optimal Power Scheduling and Techno-Economic Analysis of a Residential Microgrid for a Remotely Located Area: A Case Study for the Sahara Desert of Niger," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-23, April.
    3. Elkholy, M.H. & Senjyu, Tomonobu & Elymany, Mahmoud & Gamil, Mahmoud M. & Talaat, M. & Masrur, Hasan & Ueda, Soichiro & Lotfy, Mohammed Elsayed, 2024. "Optimal resilient operation and sustainable power management within an autonomous residential microgrid using African vultures optimization algorithm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    4. Silva, Jéssica Alice A. & López, Juan Camilo & Guzman, Cindy Paola & Arias, Nataly Bañol & Rider, Marcos J. & da Silva, Luiz C.P., 2023. "An IoT-based energy management system for AC microgrids with grid and security constraints," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 337(C).

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Tostado-Véliz, Marcos & Kamel, Salah & Aymen, Flah & Rezaee Jordehi, Ahmad & Jurado, Francisco, 2022. "A Stochastic-IGDT model for energy management in isolated microgrids considering failures and demand response," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 317(C).
    2. Elkholy, M.H. & Elymany, Mahmoud & Metwally, Hamid & Farahat, M.A. & Senjyu, Tomonobu & Elsayed Lotfy, Mohammed, 2022. "Design and implementation of a Real-time energy management system for an isolated Microgrid: Experimental validation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 327(C).
    3. Shen, Boyang & Chen, Yu & Li, Chuanyue & Wang, Sheng & Chen, Xiaoyuan, 2021. "Superconducting fault current limiter (SFCL): Experiment and the simulation from finite-element method (FEM) to power/energy system software," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 234(C).
    4. Aslani, Mehrdad & Faraji, Jamal & Hashemi-Dezaki, Hamed & Ketabi, Abbas, 2022. "A novel clustering-based method for reliability assessment of cyber-physical microgrids considering cyber interdependencies and information transmission errors," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 315(C).
    5. Adel Alblawi & M. Talaat, 2022. "Experimental and Simulation Study Investigating the Effect of a Transparent Pyramidal Cover on PV Cell Performance," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(5), pages 1-30, February.
    6. Issoufou Tahirou Halidou & Harun Or Rashid Howlader & Mahmoud M. Gamil & M. H. Elkholy & Tomonobu Senjyu, 2023. "Optimal Power Scheduling and Techno-Economic Analysis of a Residential Microgrid for a Remotely Located Area: A Case Study for the Sahara Desert of Niger," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(8), pages 1-23, April.
    7. Nawaz, Arshad & Zhou, Min & Wu, Jing & Long, Chengnian, 2022. "A comprehensive review on energy management, demand response, and coordination schemes utilization in multi-microgrids network," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    8. Jani, Ali & Karimi, Hamid & Jadid, Shahram, 2022. "Two-layer stochastic day-ahead and real-time energy management of networked microgrids considering integration of renewable energy resources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 323(C).
    9. Fernando García-Muñoz & Miguel Alfaro & Guillermo Fuertes & Manuel Vargas, 2022. "DC Optimal Power Flow Model to Assess the Irradiance Effect on the Sizing and Profitability of the PV-Battery System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(12), pages 1-16, June.
    10. William López-Castrillón & Héctor H. Sepúlveda & Cristian Mattar, 2021. "Off-Grid Hybrid Electrical Generation Systems in Remote Communities: Trends and Characteristics in Sustainability Solutions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 13(11), pages 1-29, May.
    11. Shyam, B. & Kanakasabapathy, P., 2022. "Feasibility of floating solar PV integrated pumped storage system for a grid-connected microgrid under static time of day tariff environment: A case study from India," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 200-215.
    12. Anantha Krishnan, V. & Balamurugan, P., 2022. "An efficient DLN2-CRSO approach based dynamic stability enhancement in micro-grid system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 322(C).
    13. Dong Zhang & GM Shafiullah & Choton Kanti Das & Kok Wai Wong, 2023. "Optimal Allocation of Battery Energy Storage Systems to Enhance System Performance and Reliability in Unbalanced Distribution Networks," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(20), pages 1-35, October.
    14. Wu, Zhongqun & Yang, Chan & Zheng, Ruijin, 2022. "Developing a holistic fuzzy hierarchy-cloud assessment model for the connection risk of renewable energy microgrid," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    15. Arriet, Andrea & Matis, Timothy I. & Feijoo, Felipe, 2024. "Electricity sector impacts of water taxation for natural gas supply under high renewable generation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    16. Magdalena Bartecka & Piotr Marchel & Krzysztof Zagrajek & Mirosław Lewandowski & Mariusz Kłos, 2024. "Reliability Model of Battery Energy Storage Cooperating with Prosumer PV Installations," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(23), pages 1-23, November.
    17. Elkholy, M.H. & Senjyu, Tomonobu & Elymany, Mahmoud & Gamil, Mahmoud M. & Talaat, M. & Masrur, Hasan & Ueda, Soichiro & Lotfy, Mohammed Elsayed, 2024. "Optimal resilient operation and sustainable power management within an autonomous residential microgrid using African vultures optimization algorithm," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 224(C).
    18. Saeian, Hosein & Niknam, Taher & Zare, Mohsen & Aghaei, Jamshid, 2022. "Coordinated optimal bidding strategies methods of aggregated microgrids: A game theory-based demand side management under an electricity market environment," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 245(C).
    19. Zhang, Chao & Yin, Wanjun & Wen, Tao, 2024. "An advanced multi-objective collaborative scheduling strategy for large scale EV charging and discharging connected to the predictable wind power grid," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 287(C).
    20. Hameedullah Zaheb & Mikaeel Ahmadi & Nisar Ahmad Rahmany & Mir Sayed Shah Danish & Habibullah Fedayi & Atsushi Yona, 2023. "Optimal Grid Flexibility Assessment for Integration of Variable Renewable-Based Electricity Generation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(20), pages 1-24, October.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:317:y:2022:i:c:s0306261922005360. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.