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FPGA-Based Controller for a Hybrid Grid-Connected PV/Wind/Battery Power System with AC Load

Author

Listed:
  • Mohamed Yassine Allani

    (UR-LAPER, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunis 1068, Tunisia)

  • Jamel Riahi

    (UR-LAPER, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunis 1068, Tunisia)

  • Silvano Vergura

    (Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, Polytechnic University of Bari, st. E. Orabona 4, I-70125 Bari, Italy)

  • Abdelkader Mami

    (UR-LAPER, Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar Tunis, Tunis 1068, Tunisia)

Abstract

The development and optimization of a hybrid system composed of photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, converters, and batteries connected to the grid, is first presented. To generate the maximum power, two maximum power point tracker controllers based on fuzzy logic are required and a battery controller is used for the regulation of the DC voltage. When the power source varies, a high-voltage supply is incorporated (high gain DC-DC converter controlled by fuzzy logic) to boost the 24 V provided by the DC bus to the inverter voltage of about 400 V and to reduce energy losses to maximize the system performance. The inverter and the LCL filter allow for the integration of this hybrid system with AC loads and the grid. Moreover, a hardware solution for the field programmable gate arrays-based implementation of the controllers is proposed. The combination of these controllers was synthesized using the Integrated Synthesis Environment Design Suite software (Version: 14.7, City: Tunis, Country: Tunisia) and was successfully implemented on Field Programmable Gate Arrays Spartan 3E. The innovative design provides a suitable architecture based on power converters and control strategies that are dedicated to the proposed hybrid system to ensure system reliability. This implementation can provide a high level of flexibility that can facilitate the upgrade of a control system by simply updating or modifying the proposed algorithm running on the field programmable gate arrays board. The simulation results, using Matlab/Simulink (Version: 2016b, City: Tunis, Country: Tunisia, verify the efficiency of the proposed solution when the environmental conditions change. This study focused on the development and optimization of an electrical system control strategy to manage the produced energy and to coordinate the performance of the hybrid energy system. The paper proposes a combined photovoltaic and wind energy system, supported by a battery acting as an energy storage system. In addition, a bi-directional converter charges/discharges the battery, while a high-voltage gain converter connects them to the DC bus. The use of a battery is useful to compensate for the mismatch between the power demanded by the load and the power generated by the hybrid energy systems. The proposed field programmable gate arrays (FPGA)-based controllers ensure a fast time response by making control executable in real time.

Suggested Citation

  • Mohamed Yassine Allani & Jamel Riahi & Silvano Vergura & Abdelkader Mami, 2021. "FPGA-Based Controller for a Hybrid Grid-Connected PV/Wind/Battery Power System with AC Load," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(8), pages 1-17, April.
    • Handle: RePEc:gam:jeners:v:14:y:2021:i:8:p:2108-:d:533375
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Yilmaz, Unal & Kircay, Ali & Borekci, Selim, 2018. "PV system fuzzy logic MPPT method and PI control as a charge controller," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 994-1001.
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    4. Chong, Lee Wai & Wong, Yee Wan & Rajkumar, Rajprasad Kumar & Rajkumar, Rajpartiban Kumar & Isa, Dino, 2016. "Hybrid energy storage systems and control strategies for stand-alone renewable energy power systems," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 66(C), pages 174-189.
    5. Daud, Abdel-Karim & Ismail, Mahmoud S., 2012. "Design of isolated hybrid systems minimizing costs and pollutant emissions," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 44(C), pages 215-224.
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    1. Elkholy, M.H. & Metwally, Hamid & Farahat, M.A. & Senjyu, Tomonobu & Elsayed Lotfy, Mohammed, 2022. "Smart centralized energy management system for autonomous microgrid using FPGA," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 317(C).
    2. Hoseinzadeh, Siamak & Astiaso Garcia, Davide & Huang, Lizhen, 2023. "Grid-connected renewable energy systems flexibility in Norway islands’ Decarbonization," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 185(C).

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