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An integrated and reconfigurable hybrid AC/DC microgrid architecture with autonomous power flow control for nearly/net zero energy buildings

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  • Yu, Hang
  • Niu, Songyan
  • Zhang, Yumeng
  • Jian, Linni

Abstract

With the ever-increasing of population and economy worldwide, buildings have become major energy consumers and greenhouse gas (GHG) emitters. The hybrid AC/DC microgrid is a promising alternative for existing power distribution systems to achieve the goal of nearly/net zero energy buildings (nZEBs). However, the increasing demand for compact structure, seamless integration of distributed generators (DGs) and loads, as well as more control flexibility of hybrid microgrids cannot be adequately satisfied by conventional grid architectures. In view of this, an integrated and reconfigurable hybrid AC/DC microgrid architecture with its hierarchical control strategy is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a novel interlinking converter named smart interlinking unit (SIU) is presented, which can provide multiple AC/DC interfaces and diverse operation modes with various control functionalities. Secondly, the SIU-based hybrid microgrid architecture and its hierarchical control structure are established. The dedicated interfaces and cluster controllers for electric vehicles (EVs) facilitate the implementation of centralized vehicle-to-grid (V2G) service. Thirdly, a hierarchical control strategy of SIU, which involves local control in primary control level and power flow control in secondary control level, is introduced to realize coordinated operation of microgrid. The model of the proposed hybrid microgrid architecture is built, and the simulation results demonstrate that the microgrid architecture and hierarchical control strategy can achieve a reliable and coordinated system operation under various kinds of scenarios. Additionally, the mutual power support between AC and DC sub-grids is realized with increased utilization and local consumption of renewable energy resources (RESs).

Suggested Citation

  • Yu, Hang & Niu, Songyan & Zhang, Yumeng & Jian, Linni, 2020. "An integrated and reconfigurable hybrid AC/DC microgrid architecture with autonomous power flow control for nearly/net zero energy buildings," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:263:y:2020:i:c:s0306261920301227
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.114610
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    2. Yu, Hang & Shang, Yitong & Niu, Songyan & Cheng, Chong & Shao, Ziyun & Jian, Linni, 2022. "Towards energy-efficient and cost-effective DC nanaogrid: A novel pseudo hierarchical architecture incorporating V2G technology for both autonomous coordination and regulated power dispatching," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 313(C).
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    5. Chuan Xiang & Qi Cheng & Yizheng Zhu & Hongge Zhao, 2023. "Sliding Mode Control of Ship DC Microgrid Based on an Improved Reaching Law," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(3), pages 1-14, January.
    6. Wu, Ying & Wu, Yanpeng & Cimen, Halil & Vasquez, Juan C. & Guerrero, Josep M., 2022. "Towards collective energy Community: Potential roles of microgrid and blockchain to go beyond P2P energy trading," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 314(C).
    7. Maria Fotopoulou & Dimitrios Rakopoulos & Dimitrios Trigkas & Fotis Stergiopoulos & Orestis Blanas & Spyros Voutetakis, 2021. "State of the Art of Low and Medium Voltage Direct Current (DC) Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(18), pages 1-27, September.
    8. Chen, Lei & Gao, Lingyun & Xing, Shuping & Chen, Zhicong & Wang, Weiwei, 2024. "Zero-carbon microgrid: Real-world cases, trends, challenges, and future research prospects," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 203(C).
    9. Md Shafiullah & Akib Mostabe Refat & Md Ershadul Haque & Dewan Mabrur Hasan Chowdhury & Md Sanower Hossain & Abdullah G. Alharbi & Md Shafiul Alam & Amjad Ali & Shorab Hossain, 2022. "Review of Recent Developments in Microgrid Energy Management Strategies," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 14(22), pages 1-30, November.
    10. Zehra, Syeda Shafia & Ur Rahman, Aqeel & Ahmad, Iftikhar, 2022. "Fuzzy-barrier sliding mode control of electric-hydrogen hybrid energy storage system in DC microgrid: Modelling, management and experimental investigation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 239(PD).
    11. Yu, Hang & Niu, Songyan & Shang, Yitong & Shao, Ziyun & Jia, Youwei & Jian, Linni, 2022. "Electric vehicles integration and vehicle-to-grid operation in active distribution grids: A comprehensive review on power architectures, grid connection standards and typical applications," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 168(C).
    12. Yassuda Yamashita, Daniela & Vechiu, Ionel & Gaubert, Jean-Paul, 2021. "Two-level hierarchical model predictive control with an optimised cost function for energy management in building microgrids," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 285(C).
    13. Muhammad Awais & Laiq Khan & Said Ghani Khan & Qasim Awais & Mohsin Jamil, 2023. "Adaptive Neural Network Q-Learning-Based Full Recurrent Adaptive NeuroFuzzy Nonlinear Control Paradigms for Bidirectional-Interlinking Converter in a Grid-Connected Hybrid AC-DC Microgrid," Energies, MDPI, vol. 16(4), pages 1-40, February.
    14. Charalambous, Chrysanthos & Heracleous, Chryso & Michael, Aimilios & Efthymiou, Venizelos, 2023. "Hybrid AC-DC distribution system for building integrated photovoltaics and energy storage solutions for heating-cooling purposes. A case study of a historic building in Cyprus," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 216(C).

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