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Molten alkali carbonates as alternative engineering fluids for high temperature applications

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  • Nunes, V.M.B.
  • Lourenço, M.J.V.
  • Santos, F.J.V.
  • Nieto de Castro, C.A.

Abstract

Molten salts are a very relevant member of industrial fluids for high temperature applications, such as catalytic medium for coal gasification, molten salt oxidation of wastes, heat transfer fluids or latent, sensible heat storage and solar (CSP) or nuclear power station operations. Available data on thermophysical properties, applications and a discussion of the state of the art for molten alkali carbonates and its mixtures like pure Li2CO3, Na2CO3 and K2CO3, mixtures of Li2CO3-Na2CO3, Li2CO3-K2CO3 (binary eutectics) and Li2CO3-Na2CO3-K2CO3 (ternary eutectic) and nanofluids based in these carbonate melts are presented. These melts are especially suitable for application at higher temperature regimes, like those involving high temperature energy storage, coolants or molten salts oxidations of wastes and therefore the accurate knowledge of their most important thermophysical properties is essential for efficient energy transfer and storage, because of their impact on energy efficiency, namely in energy savings and decrease of carbon footprint. From the analysis performed it can be concluded that the scatter of data found for molten alkali carbonates, added to present and future applications, still justifies further studies on these systems, to support their application as alternative engineering fluids. Additionally, some comments on how to improve present situation of methods and measurements are made, especially in the area of thermal conductivity.

Suggested Citation

  • Nunes, V.M.B. & Lourenço, M.J.V. & Santos, F.J.V. & Nieto de Castro, C.A., 2019. "Molten alkali carbonates as alternative engineering fluids for high temperature applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C), pages 1626-1633.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:242:y:2019:i:c:p:1626-1633
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.03.190
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    Cited by:

    1. Kondaiah, P. & Pitchumani, R., 2022. "Novel textured surfaces for superior corrosion mitigation in molten carbonate salts for concentrating solar power," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 170(C).
    2. Kondaiah, P. & Pitchumani, R., 2023. "Progress and opportunities in corrosion mitigation in heat transfer fluids for next-generation concentrating solar power," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 956-991.
    3. Luo, Qingyang & Liu, Xianglei & Wang, Haolei & Xu, Qiao & Tian, Yang & Liang, Ting & Liu, Qibin & Liu, Zhan & Yang, Xiaohu & Xuan, Yimin & Li, Yongliang & Ding, Yulong, 2022. "Synergetic enhancement of heat storage density and heat transport ability of phase change materials inlaid in 3D hierarchical ceramics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 306(PA).
    4. Carlos A. Nieto de Castro & Maria José V. Lourenço, 2019. "Towards the Correct Measurement of Thermal Conductivity of Ionic Melts and Nanofluids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(1), pages 1-17, December.

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