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Development of an advanced free-piston Stirling engine for micro combined heating and power application

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  • Qiu, Songgang
  • Gao, Yuan
  • Rinker, Garrett
  • Yanaga, Koji

Abstract

Combined heat and power (CHP) systems play an important role in meeting energy requirements and reducing the environmental impact of power generation. Recently, free-piston Stirling engines (FPSE) have attracted much attention as a promising CHP technology due to the characteristics such as high efficiency, high reliability, and quiet operation. In this study, a conceptual CHP system integrated with a FPSE was developed. In order to reduce flow separation and thermal losses in the FPSE, an integrated assembly of the pressure vessel, heat exchangers, and new foil type regenerator was designed. To achieve this integrated design, additive manufacturing was used to fabricate these key components and improve the overall FPSE efficiency by removing the design limitation of traditional fabrication methods while decreasing manufacturing cost. Finite element analysis and computational fluid dynamics were conducted to determine the optimal flow distribution and engine structure. Dynamic and rocking mode analyses of displacer assembly were performed. One dimensional thermodynamic modeling of the Stirling engine using Sage software was performed to estimate the system performance. The results indicated that the CHP system could provide 1 kWe electrical power at nearly 38% fuel to electricity efficiency and 1.1 kW of thermal energy at 80 °C. The mapping results of the FPSE show that it has excellent partial power efficiency. Thus, it is concluded that the CHP system based on a FPSE is much more efficient and cost-effective than other CHP system designs and is suitable to provide electrical power and heat for residential applications.

Suggested Citation

  • Qiu, Songgang & Gao, Yuan & Rinker, Garrett & Yanaga, Koji, 2019. "Development of an advanced free-piston Stirling engine for micro combined heating and power application," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 235(C), pages 987-1000.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:235:y:2019:i:c:p:987-1000
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.11.036
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    4. Xiao, Wang & Chen, Lei & Yu, Guoyao & Ma, Zhuang & Ma, Ying & Xue, Jianhua & Cheng, Yangbin & Luo, Ercang, 2024. "Design and experimental study of a 300 We class combustion-driven high frequency free-piston Stirling electric generator," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
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    6. Zhu, Shunmin & Yu, Guoyao & Liang, Kun & Dai, Wei & Luo, Ercang, 2021. "A review of Stirling-engine-based combined heat and power technology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 294(C).
    7. Ștefan-Dominic Voronca & Monica Siroux & George Darie, 2022. "Experimental Characterization of Transitory Functioning Regimes of a Biomass Stirling Micro-CHP," Energies, MDPI, vol. 15(15), pages 1-23, July.
    8. de la Bat, B.J.G. & Dobson, R.T. & Harms, T.M. & Bell, A.J., 2020. "Simulation, manufacture and experimental validation of a novel single-acting free-piston Stirling engine electric generator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 263(C).
    9. Chahartaghi, Mahmood & Sheykhi, Mohammad, 2019. "Energy, environmental and economic evaluations of a CCHP system driven by Stirling engine with helium and hydrogen as working gases," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 174(C), pages 1251-1266.
    10. Dominik Kryzia & Marta Kuta & Dominika Matuszewska & Piotr Olczak, 2020. "Analysis of the Potential for Gas Micro-Cogeneration Development in Poland Using the Monte Carlo Method," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(12), pages 1-24, June.
    11. Zare, Shahryar & Tavakolpour-saleh, A.R. & Aghahosseini, A. & Sangdani, M.H. & Mirshekari, Reza, 2021. "Design and optimization of Stirling engines using soft computing methods: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 283(C).
    12. Bataineh, Khaled, 2024. "Hybrid fuel-assisted solar-powered stirling engine for combined cooling, heating, and power systems: A review," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 300(C).
    13. Xu, Jingyuan & Hu, Jianying & Luo, Ercang & Hu, Jiangfeng & Zhang, Limin & Hochgreb, Simone, 2022. "Numerical study on a heat-driven piston-coupled multi-stage thermoacoustic-Stirling cooler," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 305(C).
    14. Chang-Whan Lee & Dong-Jun Kim & Sung-Kwon Kim & Kyuho Sim, 2021. "Design Optimization of Flexure Springs for Free-Piston Stirling Engines and Experimental Evaluations with Fatigue Testing," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-17, August.

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