IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v212y2018icp1252-1261.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

External load resistance effect on the free piston expander-linear generator for organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system

Author

Listed:
  • Hou, Xiaochen
  • Zhang, Hongguang
  • Xu, Yonghong
  • Yu, Fei
  • Zhao, Tenglong
  • Tian, Yaming
  • Yang, Yuxin
  • Zhao, Rui

Abstract

For this study, a test rig of free piston expander-linear generator (FPE-LG) for organic Rankine cycle (ORC) waste heat recovery system is built. Based on the free piston expander-linear generator test rig, an experiment of external load resistance effect on the motion characteristics, indicated efficiency, output performance and energy conversion efficiency of the free piston expander-linear generator is conducted. The displacement and velocity of the free piston assembly increase with the external load resistance. The indicated efficiency of the free piston expander (left cylinder) decreases with the external load resistance. As the external load resistance and intake pressure increase, the peak voltage output of the free piston expander-linear generator increases. The maximum peak voltage output is 44.4 V when the intake pressure is 3.0 bar, the operating frequency is 1.5 Hz and the external load resistance is 40 Ω. The peak power output of the free piston expander-linear generator initially shows a non-linear relation increase with external load resistance and tends to stabilize in the end. When the intake pressure is 3.0 bar, the operating frequency is 1.5 Hz and the external load resistance is 30 Ω, the maximum peak power output of 110 W can be achieved. The energy conversion efficiency of the free piston expander-linear generator increases gradually with growing of the intake pressure and external load resistance until the energy conversion efficiency reaches the maximal value, and then the energy conversion efficiency decreases with the intake pressure and external load resistance. The maximum energy conversion efficiency can reach up to 73.33%.

Suggested Citation

  • Hou, Xiaochen & Zhang, Hongguang & Xu, Yonghong & Yu, Fei & Zhao, Tenglong & Tian, Yaming & Yang, Yuxin & Zhao, Rui, 2018. "External load resistance effect on the free piston expander-linear generator for organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 1252-1261.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:212:y:2018:i:c:p:1252-1261
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.01.020
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261918300163
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2018.01.020?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Mikalsen, R. & Roskilly, A.P., 2010. "The control of a free-piston engine generator. Part 1: Fundamental analyses," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(4), pages 1273-1280, April.
    2. Jia, Boru & Mikalsen, Rikard & Smallbone, Andrew & Zuo, Zhengxing & Feng, Huihua & Roskilly, Anthony Paul, 2016. "Piston motion control of a free-piston engine generator: A new approach using cascade control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 1166-1175.
    3. Preetham, B.S. & Weiss, L., 2016. "Investigations of a new free piston expander engine cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 535-545.
    4. Wang, Yaodong & Chen, Lin & Jia, Boru & Roskilly, Anthony Paul, 2017. "Experimental study of the operation characteristics of an air-driven free-piston linear expander," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 93-99.
    5. Tian, Guangdong & Zhang, Honghao & Feng, Yixiong & Wang, Danqi & Peng, Yong & Jia, Hongfei, 2018. "Green decoration materials selection under interior environment characteristics: A grey-correlation based hybrid MCDM method," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 682-692.
    6. Mikalsen, R. & Roskilly, A.P., 2009. "A computational study of free-piston diesel engine combustion," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 86(7-8), pages 1136-1143, July.
    7. Bao, Junjiang & Zhao, Li, 2013. "A review of working fluid and expander selections for organic Rankine cycle," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 24(C), pages 325-342.
    8. Peng Sun & Chi Zhang & Jinhua Chen & Fei Zhao & Youyong Liao & Guilin Yang & Chinyin Chen, 2017. "Hybrid System Modeling and Full Cycle Operation Analysis of a Two-Stroke Free-Piston Linear Generator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(2), pages 1-23, February.
    9. Gaosheng Li & Hongguang Zhang & Fubin Yang & Songsong Song & Ying Chang & Fei Yu & Jingfu Wang & Baofeng Yao, 2016. "Preliminary Development of a Free Piston Expander–Linear Generator for Small-Scale Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Waste Heat Recovery System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(4), pages 1-18, April.
    10. Zhang, Ye-Qiang & Wu, Yu-Ting & Xia, Guo-Dong & Ma, Chong-Fang & Ji, Wei-Ning & Liu, Shan-Wei & Yang, Kai & Yang, Fu-Bin, 2014. "Development and experimental study on organic Rankine cycle system with single-screw expander for waste heat recovery from exhaust of diesel engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 77(C), pages 499-508.
    11. Di Battista, D. & Mauriello, M. & Cipollone, R., 2015. "Waste heat recovery of an ORC-based power unit in a turbocharged diesel engine propelling a light duty vehicle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 109-120.
    12. Guo, T. & Wang, H.X. & Zhang, S.J., 2011. "Fluids and parameters optimization for a novel cogeneration system driven by low-temperature geothermal sources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(5), pages 2639-2649.
    13. Xu, Zhaoping & Chang, Siqin, 2010. "Prototype testing and analysis of a novel internal combustion linear generator integrated power system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(4), pages 1342-1348, April.
    14. Hung, T.C. & Shai, T.Y. & Wang, S.K., 1997. "A review of organic rankine cycles (ORCs) for the recovery of low-grade waste heat," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 22(7), pages 661-667.
    15. Mikalsen, R. & Jones, E. & Roskilly, A.P., 2010. "Predictive piston motion control in a free-piston internal combustion engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(5), pages 1722-1728, May.
    16. Mikalsen, R. & Roskilly, A.P., 2010. "The control of a free-piston engine generator. Part 2: Engine dynamics and piston motion control," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(4), pages 1281-1287, April.
    17. Jia, Boru & Smallbone, Andrew & Feng, Huihua & Tian, Guohong & Zuo, Zhengxing & Roskilly, A.P., 2016. "A fast response free-piston engine generator numerical model for control applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 162(C), pages 321-329.
    18. Yang, Fubin & Cho, Heejin & Zhang, Hongguang & Zhang, Jian, 2017. "Thermoeconomic multi-objective optimization of a dual loop organic Rankine cycle (ORC) for CNG engine waste heat recovery," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 1100-1118.
    19. Kang, Seok Hun, 2012. "Design and experimental study of ORC (organic Rankine cycle) and radial turbine using R245fa working fluid," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 41(1), pages 514-524.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Li, Jian & Yang, Fubin & Zhang, Hongguang & Wu, Zhong & Tian, Yaming & Hou, Xiaochen & Xu, Yonghong & Ren, Jing, 2020. "Comparative analysis of different valve timing control methods for single-piston free piston expander-linear generator via an orthogonal experimental design," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    2. Jin, Yunli & Gao, Naiping & Zhu, Tong, 2022. "Effect of resistive load characteristics on the performance of Organic Rankine cycle (ORC)," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 246(C).
    3. Ruiqi Wang & Long Jiang & Zhiwei Ma & Abigail Gonzalez-Diaz & Yaodong Wang & Anthony Paul Roskilly, 2019. "Comparative Analysis of Small-Scale Organic Rankine Cycle Systems for Solar Energy Utilisation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(5), pages 1-22, March.
    4. Francesconi, M. & Caposciutti, G. & Antonelli, M., 2018. "An experimental and numerical analysis of the performances of a Wankel steam expander," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 164(C), pages 615-626.
    5. Marcin Wołowicz & Piotr Kolasiński & Krzysztof Badyda, 2021. "Modern Small and Microcogeneration Systems—A Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(3), pages 1-47, February.
    6. Wu, Zhong & Zhang, Hongguang & Liu, Zhongliang & Tian, Guohong & Hou, Xiaochen & Yang, Fubin, 2022. "Force and energy analysis of single-piston free-piston expander—linear generator," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C).
    7. Nicola Casari & Ettore Fadiga & Michele Pinelli & Saverio Randi & Alessio Suman, 2019. "Pressure Pulsation and Cavitation Phenomena in a Micro-ORC System," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(11), pages 1-18, June.
    8. Hou, Xiaochen & Ji, Deliang & Zhou, Dan & Gao, Haibo, 2023. "Simulation study and performance analysis of free piston linear generator (FPLG) used for ORC system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 282(C).
    9. Ngwaka, Ugochukwu & Jia, Boru & Lawrence, Christopher & Wu, Dawei & Smallbone, Andrew & Roskilly, Anthony Paul, 2019. "The characteristics of a Linear Joule Engine Generator operating on a dry friction principle," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 237(C), pages 49-59.
    10. Wronski, Jorrit & Imran, Muhammad & Skovrup, Morten Juel & Haglind, Fredrik, 2019. "Experimental and numerical analysis of a reciprocating piston expander with variable valve timing for small-scale organic Rankine cycle power systems," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 247(C), pages 403-416.
    11. Hou, Xiaochen & Zhang, Hongguang & Zhao, Tenglong & Xu, Yonghong & Tian, Yaming & Li, Jian & Zhang, Mengru & Wu, Yuting, 2019. "A comparison study and performance analysis of free piston expander-linear generator for organic Rankine cycle system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 136-143.
    12. Wu, Zhong & Zhang, Hongguang & Liu, Zhongliang & Hou, Xiaochen & Li, Jian & Yang, Fubin & Zhang, Jian, 2021. "Experimental study on the performance of single-piston free-piston expander—linear generator," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 221(C).
    13. Guo, Chendong & Zuo, Zhengxing & Feng, Huihua & Jia, Boru & Roskilly, Tony, 2020. "Review of recent advances of free-piston internal combustion engine linear generator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    14. Yan, Xiaodong & Nie, Fuquan & Cui, Huasheng & Feng, Huihua & Jia, Boru & Zuo, Zhengxing & Wang, Yahui, 2024. "Research on the impacts of operating frequency at combustion process for opposed single-cylinder free piston generator under direct injection," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 299(C).
    15. Bianchi, M. & Branchini, L. & De Pascale, A. & Melino, F. & Ottaviano, S. & Peretto, A. & Torricelli, N., 2019. "Application and comparison of semi-empirical models for performance prediction of a kW-size reciprocating piston expander," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C), pages 143-156.
    16. Xu, Yonghong & Tong, Liang & Zhang, Hongguang & Hou, Xiaochen & Yang, Fubin & Yu, Fei & Yang, Yuxin & Liu, Rong & Tian, Yaming & Zhao, Tenglong, 2018. "Experimental and simulation study of a free piston expander–linear generator for small-scale organic Rankine cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 776-791.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Hou, Xiaochen & Zhang, Hongguang & Yu, Fei & Liu, Hongda & Yang, Fubin & Xu, Yonghong & Tian, Yaming & Li, Gaosheng, 2017. "Free piston expander-linear generator used for organic Rankine cycle waste heat recovery system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 208(C), pages 1297-1307.
    2. Tian, Yaming & Zhang, Hongguang & Li, Jian & Hou, Xiaochen & Zhao, Tenglong & Yang, Fubin & Xu, Yonghong & Wang, Xin, 2018. "Development and validation of a single-piston free piston expander-linear generator for a small-scale organic Rankine cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 809-820.
    3. Hou, Xiaochen & Zhang, Hongguang & Zhao, Tenglong & Xu, Yonghong & Tian, Yaming & Li, Jian & Zhang, Mengru & Wu, Yuting, 2019. "A comparison study and performance analysis of free piston expander-linear generator for organic Rankine cycle system," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 136-143.
    4. Guo, Chendong & Zuo, Zhengxing & Feng, Huihua & Jia, Boru & Roskilly, Tony, 2020. "Review of recent advances of free-piston internal combustion engine linear generator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    5. Xuezhen Wang & Feixue Chen & Renfeng Zhu & Guilin Yang & Chi Zhang, 2018. "A Review of the Design and Control of Free-Piston Linear Generator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(8), pages 1-21, August.
    6. Li, Jian & Yang, Fubin & Zhang, Hongguang & Wu, Zhong & Tian, Yaming & Hou, Xiaochen & Xu, Yonghong & Ren, Jing, 2020. "Comparative analysis of different valve timing control methods for single-piston free piston expander-linear generator via an orthogonal experimental design," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C).
    7. Wang, Yaodong & Chen, Lin & Jia, Boru & Roskilly, Anthony Paul, 2017. "Experimental study of the operation characteristics of an air-driven free-piston linear expander," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 195(C), pages 93-99.
    8. Peng Sun & Chi Zhang & Jinhua Chen & Fei Zhao & Youyong Liao & Guilin Yang & Chinyin Chen, 2016. "Decoupling Design and Verification of a Free-Piston Linear Generator," Energies, MDPI, vol. 9(12), pages 1-23, December.
    9. Xu, Yonghong & Tong, Liang & Zhang, Hongguang & Hou, Xiaochen & Yang, Fubin & Yu, Fei & Yang, Yuxin & Liu, Rong & Tian, Yaming & Zhao, Tenglong, 2018. "Experimental and simulation study of a free piston expander–linear generator for small-scale organic Rankine cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 776-791.
    10. Yang, Fubin & Zhang, Hongguang & Hou, Xiaochen & Tian, Yaming & Xu, Yonghong, 2019. "Experimental study and artificial neural network based prediction of a free piston expander-linear generator for small scale organic Rankine cycle," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 630-644.
    11. Hung, Nguyen Ba & Lim, Ocktaeck, 2016. "A review of free-piston linear engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 78-97.
    12. Zhang, Zhiyuan & Feng, Huihua & Jia, Boru & Zuo, Zhengxing & Yan, Xiaodong & Smallbone, Andrew & Roskilly, Anthony Paul, 2022. "Identification and analysis on the variation sources of a dual-cylinder free piston engine generator and their influence on system operating characteristics," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 242(C).
    13. Lim, Ocktaeck & Hung, Nguyen Ba & Oh, Seokyoung & Kim, Gangchul & Song, Hanho & Iida, Norimasa, 2015. "A study of operating parameters on the linear spark ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 160(C), pages 746-760.
    14. Jia, Boru & Smallbone, Andrew & Mikalsen, Rikard & Feng, Huihua & Zuo, Zhengxing & Roskilly, Anthony Paul, 2017. "Disturbance analysis of a free-piston engine generator using a validated fast-response numerical model," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 185(P1), pages 440-451.
    15. Feng, Huihua & Guo, Chendong & Yuan, Chenheng & Guo, Yuyao & Zuo, Zhengxing & Roskilly, Anthony Paul & Jia, Boru, 2016. "Research on combustion process of a free piston diesel linear generator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 395-403.
    16. Lorenzo Tocci & Tamas Pal & Ioannis Pesmazoglou & Benjamin Franchetti, 2017. "Small Scale Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC): A Techno-Economic Review," Energies, MDPI, vol. 10(4), pages 1-26, March.
    17. Chi Zhang & Feixue Chen & Long Li & Zhaoping Xu & Liang Liu & Guilin Yang & Hongyuan Lian & Yingzhong Tian, 2018. "A Free-Piston Linear Generator Control Strategy for Improving Output Power," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(1), pages 1-21, January.
    18. Sung, Taehong & Yun, Eunkoo & Kim, Hyun Dong & Yoon, Sang Youl & Choi, Bum Seog & Kim, Kuisoon & Kim, Jangmok & Jung, Yang Beom & Kim, Kyung Chun, 2016. "Performance characteristics of a 200-kW organic Rankine cycle system in a steel processing plant," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 623-635.
    19. Fukang Ma & Shuanlu Zhang & Zhenfeng Zhao & Yifang Wang, 2021. "Research on the Operating Characteristics of Hydraulic Free-Piston Engines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-23, June.
    20. Chintala, Venkateswarlu & Kumar, Suresh & Pandey, Jitendra K., 2018. "A technical review on waste heat recovery from compression ignition engines using organic Rankine cycle," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 493-509.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:212:y:2018:i:c:p:1252-1261. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.