IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v205y2017icp1478-1494.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Hybrid PEMFC-supercapacitor system: Modeling and energy management in energetic macroscopic representation

Author

Listed:
  • Lopez Lopez, Guadalupe
  • Schacht Rodriguez, Ricardo
  • Alvarado, Victor M.
  • Gomez-Aguilar, J.F.
  • Mota, Juan E.
  • Sandoval, Cinda

Abstract

In this paper, we propose the dynamic simulation of a hybrid generator that integrates a fuel cell as the main source and a supercapacitor as the secondary source. We interface the proposed generator to the load using elementary power-conditioning units, and it is connected to a 36V bus for DC applications. The powertrain simulator builds on the energetic macroscopic representation (EMR), and incorporates models deduced from measurements on a Bahia proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and a Maxwell® supercapacitor bank. A semi-empirical electrochemical model predicts the steady-state PEMFC behavior, and circuit-equivalent models estimate the dynamics of the sources. We apply a rule-based power management system, where a low-pass filter splits the power between the sources, and an EMR controller block based on the inverse-model regulates the bus voltage. We focus on the trade-off between simplicity and phenomenological PEMFC considerations, which enable us to predict PEMFC electric dynamics, and we analyze the benefits of the energy management with respect to the oxygen-starvation prevention and reduction of startups and shutdowns. We evaluate the power distribution control under vehicular solicitations at a reduced scale of 1kW, and then under a pulsed current train. We discuss the influence of the cutoff frequency value. The results prove the efficacy with which it reduces abrupt changes in the fuel cell, and demonstrates that this source will deliver until it reaches 80% of the required power.

Suggested Citation

  • Lopez Lopez, Guadalupe & Schacht Rodriguez, Ricardo & Alvarado, Victor M. & Gomez-Aguilar, J.F. & Mota, Juan E. & Sandoval, Cinda, 2017. "Hybrid PEMFC-supercapacitor system: Modeling and energy management in energetic macroscopic representation," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 205(C), pages 1478-1494.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:205:y:2017:i:c:p:1478-1494
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261917310802
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.08.063?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Pei, Pucheng & Chen, Huicui, 2014. "Main factors affecting the lifetime of Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cells in vehicle applications: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 60-75.
    2. Boulon, L. & Agbossou, K. & Hissel, D. & Sicard, P. & Bouscayrol, A. & Péra, M.-C., 2012. "A macroscopic PEM fuel cell model including water phenomena for vehicle simulation," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 46(C), pages 81-91.
    3. Wu, Horng-Wen, 2016. "A review of recent development: Transport and performance modeling of PEM fuel cells," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 165(C), pages 81-106.
    4. Sandoval, Cinda & Alvarado, Victor M. & Carmona, Jean-Claude & Lopez Lopez, Guadalupe & Gomez-Aguilar, J.F., 2017. "Energy management control strategy to improve the FC/SC dynamic behavior on hybrid electric vehicles: A frequency based distribution," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 407-418.
    5. Castaings, Ali & Lhomme, Walter & Trigui, Rochdi & Bouscayrol, Alain, 2016. "Comparison of energy management strategies of a battery/supercapacitors system for electric vehicle under real-time constraints," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 190-200.
    6. Chen, Ben & Wang, Jun & Yang, Tianqi & Cai, Yonghua & Zhang, Caizhi & Chan, Siew Hwa & Yu, Yi & Tu, Zhengkai, 2016. "Carbon corrosion and performance degradation mechanism in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell with dead-ended anode and cathode," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 54-62.
    7. Ettihir, K. & Boulon, L. & Agbossou, K., 2016. "Optimization-based energy management strategy for a fuel cell/battery hybrid power system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 163(C), pages 142-153.
    8. Olatomiwa, Lanre & Mekhilef, Saad & Ismail, M.S. & Moghavvemi, M., 2016. "Energy management strategies in hybrid renewable energy systems: A review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 62(C), pages 821-835.
    9. Tie, Siang Fui & Tan, Chee Wei, 2013. "A review of energy sources and energy management system in electric vehicles," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 20(C), pages 82-102.
    10. Tang, Yong & Yuan, Wei & Pan, Minqiang & Li, Zongtao & Chen, Guoqing & Li, Yong, 2010. "Experimental investigation of dynamic performance and transient responses of a kW-class PEM fuel cell stack under various load changes," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 87(4), pages 1410-1417, April.
    11. Lee, Sang C. & Kwon, Osung & Thomas, Sobi & Park, Sam & Choi, Gyeung-Ho, 2014. "Graphical and mathematical analysis of fuel cell/battery passive hybridization with K factors," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 114(C), pages 135-145.
    12. Meidanshahi, Vida & Karimi, Gholamreza, 2012. "Dynamic modeling, optimization and control of power density in a PEM fuel cell," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 93(C), pages 98-105.
    13. Xing, Lei & Cai, Qiong & Xu, Chenxi & Liu, Chunbo & Scott, Keith & Yan, Yongsheng, 2016. "Numerical study of the effect of relative humidity and stoichiometric flow ratio on PEM (proton exchange membrane) fuel cell performance with various channel lengths: An anode partial flooding modelli," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 106(C), pages 631-645.
    14. Alan Cruz Rojas & Guadalupe Lopez Lopez & J. F. Gomez-Aguilar & Victor M. Alvarado & Cinda Luz Sandoval Torres, 2017. "Control of the Air Supply Subsystem in a PEMFC with Balance of Plant Simulation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-23, January.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Wang, Yujie & Sun, Zhendong & Li, Xiyun & Yang, Xiaoyu & Chen, Zonghai, 2019. "A comparative study of power allocation strategies used in fuel cell and ultracapacitor hybrid systems," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C).
    2. Mahdavi, Arash & Ranjbar, Ali Akbar & Gorji, Mofid & Rahimi-Esbo, Mazaher, 2018. "Numerical simulation based design for an innovative PEMFC cooling flow field with metallic bipolar plates," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 656-666.
    3. Bizon, Nicu, 2018. "Optimal operation of fuel cell/wind turbine hybrid power system under turbulent wind and variable load," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 212(C), pages 196-209.
    4. Wang, Yujie & Sun, Zhendong & Chen, Zonghai, 2019. "Energy management strategy for battery/supercapacitor/fuel cell hybrid source vehicles based on finite state machine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 254(C).
    5. Kréhi Serge Agbli & Mickaël Hilairet & Frédéric Gustin, 2020. "Real-Time Control Based on a CAN-Bus of Hybrid Electrical Systems," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(17), pages 1-14, September.
    6. Wang, Yujie & Sun, Zhendong & Chen, Zonghai, 2019. "Development of energy management system based on a rule-based power distribution strategy for hybrid power sources," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 1055-1066.
    7. Javier Solano & Diego Jimenez & Adrian Ilinca, 2020. "A Modular Simulation Testbed for Energy Management in AC/DC Microgrids," Energies, MDPI, vol. 13(16), pages 1-23, August.
    8. Michal Mielniczek & Ewa Janicka & Lukasz Gawel & Kazimierz Darowicki, 2021. "Evaluation of Temperature Influence on Electrochemical Processes Occurring in a Lithium-Ion Supercapacitor with the Use of Dynamic Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(13), pages 1-12, June.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Sandoval, Cinda & Alvarado, Victor M. & Carmona, Jean-Claude & Lopez Lopez, Guadalupe & Gomez-Aguilar, J.F., 2017. "Energy management control strategy to improve the FC/SC dynamic behavior on hybrid electric vehicles: A frequency based distribution," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 105(C), pages 407-418.
    2. Bizon, Nicu, 2019. "Real-time optimization strategies of Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Systems based on Load-following control: A new strategy, and a comparative study of topologies and fuel economy obtained," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C), pages 444-460.
    3. Bizon, Nicu, 2019. "Efficient fuel economy strategies for the Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Systems under variable renewable/load power profile," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 251(C), pages 1-1.
    4. Xu, Liangfei & Fang, Chuan & Hu, Junming & Cheng, Siliang & Li, Jianqiu & Ouyang, Minggao & Lehnert, Werner, 2017. "Parameter extraction of polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell based on quasi-dynamic model and periphery signals," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 122(C), pages 675-690.
    5. Feroldi, Diego & Carignano, Mauro, 2016. "Sizing for fuel cell/supercapacitor hybrid vehicles based on stochastic driving cycles," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 645-658.
    6. Bizon, Nicu, 2017. "Energy optimization of fuel cell system by using global extremum seeking algorithm," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 206(C), pages 458-474.
    7. Chowdhury, Mohammad Ziauddin & Timurkutluk, Bora, 2018. "Transport phenomena of convergent and divergent serpentine flow fields for PEMFC," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 161(C), pages 104-117.
    8. Wang, Junye, 2017. "System integration, durability and reliability of fuel cells: Challenges and solutions," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 189(C), pages 460-479.
    9. Alan Cruz Rojas & Guadalupe Lopez Lopez & J. F. Gomez-Aguilar & Victor M. Alvarado & Cinda Luz Sandoval Torres, 2017. "Control of the Air Supply Subsystem in a PEMFC with Balance of Plant Simulation," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 9(1), pages 1-23, January.
    10. Xu, Liangfei & Fang, Chuan & Li, Jianqiu & Ouyang, Minggao & Lehnert, Werner, 2018. "Nonlinear dynamic mechanism modeling of a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell with dead-ended anode considering mass transport and actuator properties," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 230(C), pages 106-121.
    11. Hou, Junbo & Yang, Min & Ke, Changchun & Zhang, Junliang, 2020. "Control logics and strategies for air supply in PEM fuel cell engines," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 269(C).
    12. Abdin, Z. & Webb, C.J. & Gray, E.MacA., 2016. "PEM fuel cell model and simulation in Matlab–Simulink based on physical parameters," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 116(P1), pages 1131-1144.
    13. Barzegari, Mohammad M. & Dardel, Morteza & Alizadeh, Ebrahim & Ramiar, Abas, 2016. "Dynamic modeling and validation studies of dead-end cascade H2/O2 PEM fuel cell stack with integrated humidifier and separator," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 298-308.
    14. Abdollahzadeh, M. & Ribeirinha, P. & Boaventura, M. & Mendes, A., 2018. "Three-dimensional modeling of PEMFC with contaminated anode fuel," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 152(C), pages 939-959.
    15. Jiang, Hongliang & Xu, Liangfei & Li, Jianqiu & Hu, Zunyan & Ouyang, Minggao, 2019. "Energy management and component sizing for a fuel cell/battery/supercapacitor hybrid powertrain based on two-dimensional optimization algorithms," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 177(C), pages 386-396.
    16. Nicu Bizon & Alin Gheorghita Mazare & Laurentiu Mihai Ionescu & Phatiphat Thounthong & Erol Kurt & Mihai Oproescu & Gheorghe Serban & Ioan Lita, 2019. "Better Fuel Economy by Optimizing Airflow of the Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Systems Using Fuel Flow-Based Load-Following Control," Energies, MDPI, vol. 12(14), pages 1-17, July.
    17. Wang, Qianqian & Tang, Fumin & Li, Bing & Dai, Haifeng & Zheng, Jim P. & Zhang, Cunman & Ming, Pingwen, 2022. "Investigation of the thermal responses under gas channel and land inside proton exchange membrane fuel cell with assembly pressure," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 308(C).
    18. Jung, Guo-Bin & Tzeng, Wei-Jen & Jao, Ting-Chu & Liu, Yu-Hsu & Yeh, Chia-Chen, 2013. "Investigation of porous carbon and carbon nanotube layer for proton exchange membrane fuel cells," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 101(C), pages 457-464.
    19. Chen, Huicui & Zhang, Ruirui & Xia, Zhifeng & Weng, Qianyao & Zhang, Tong & Pei, Pucheng, 2023. "Experimental investigation on PEM fuel cell flooding mitigation under heavy loading condition," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 349(C).
    20. Pei, Pucheng & Chen, Huicui, 2014. "Main factors affecting the lifetime of Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cells in vehicle applications: A review," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 125(C), pages 60-75.

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:205:y:2017:i:c:p:1478-1494. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.