IDEAS home Printed from https://ideas.repec.org/a/eee/appene/v203y2017icp1-10.html
   My bibliography  Save this article

Co-conversion of waste activated sludge and sawdust through hydrothermal liquefaction: Optimization of reaction parameters using response surface methodology

Author

Listed:
  • Nazari, Laleh
  • Yuan, Zhongshun
  • Ray, Madhumita B.
  • Xu, Chunbao (Charles)

Abstract

The present paper examines the co-conversion of waste activated sludge and birchwood sawdust to bio-oil via hydrothermal liquefaction. The purpose of using the sawdust with sludge was to increase the solids concentration using another waste material for possible resource recovery. The operating conditions including reaction temperature, reaction time and solids concentration were optimized based on the response surface methodology for the maximum bio-oil production. A maximum of 33.7wt% bio-oil yield was obtained at optimum operating conditions of 310°C, 10min, and 10wt% concentration. Comparison of this oil with the oil produced from only sawdust showed a significant improvement in the molecular weight of the bio-oil by having lower molecular weight (hence less viscosity), indicating the presence of lighter components, with a slight decrease in bio-oil yield. The optimized operating condition could be used to effectively co-liquefy waste activated sludge and sawdust with the advantage of producing higher quality bio-oil with respect to molecular weight. The water-soluble product which is the largest fraction of by-products from the co-conversion was tested as a feedstock for biogas production through anaerobic digestion and resulted in 800ml bio-methane production per 0.816g of TOC or 2.09g of COD of this waste stream.

Suggested Citation

  • Nazari, Laleh & Yuan, Zhongshun & Ray, Madhumita B. & Xu, Chunbao (Charles), 2017. "Co-conversion of waste activated sludge and sawdust through hydrothermal liquefaction: Optimization of reaction parameters using response surface methodology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 203(C), pages 1-10.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:203:y:2017:i:c:p:1-10
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.06.009
    as

    Download full text from publisher

    File URL: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261917307596
    Download Restriction: Full text for ScienceDirect subscribers only
    File URL: https://libkey.io/10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.06.009?utm_source=ideas
    LibKey link: if access is restricted and if your library uses this service, LibKey will redirect you to where you can use your library subscription to access this item
    ---><---

    As the access to this document is restricted, you may want to search for a different version of it.

    References listed on IDEAS

    as
    1. Chen, Wan-Ting & Zhang, Yuanhui & Zhang, Jixiang & Schideman, Lance & Yu, Guo & Zhang, Peng & Minarick, Mitchell, 2014. "Co-liquefaction of swine manure and mixed-culture algal biomass from a wastewater treatment system to produce bio-crude oil," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 128(C), pages 209-216.
    2. Tyagi, Vinay Kumar & Lo, Shang-Lien, 2013. "Sludge: A waste or renewable source for energy and resources recovery?," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 25(C), pages 708-728.
    3. Akhtar, Javaid & Amin, Nor Aishah Saidina, 2011. "A review on process conditions for optimum bio-oil yield in hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 15(3), pages 1615-1624, April.
    4. Zhang, Linghong & Champagne, Pascale & (Charles) Xu, Chunbao, 2011. "Bio-crude production from secondary pulp/paper-mill sludge and waste newspaper via co-liquefaction in hot-compressed water," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(4), pages 2142-2150.
    5. Tian, Chunyan & Li, Baoming & Liu, Zhidan & Zhang, Yuanhui & Lu, Haifeng, 2014. "Hydrothermal liquefaction for algal biorefinery: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 38(C), pages 933-950.
    Full references (including those not matched with items on IDEAS)

    Citations

    Citations are extracted by the CitEc Project, subscribe to its RSS feed for this item.
    as


    Cited by:

    1. Li, Qingyin & Yuan, Xiangzhou & Hu, Xun & Meers, Erik & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Duan, Peigao & Zhang, Shicheng & Lee, Ki Bong & Ok, Yong Sik, 2022. "Co-liquefaction of mixed biomass feedstocks for bio-oil production: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    2. Kumar, Thanikasalam & Mohsin, Rahmat & Majid, Zulkifli Abd. & Ghafir, Mohammad Fahmi Abdul & Wash, Ananth Manickam, 2020. "Experimental study of the anti-knock efficiency of high-octane fuels in spark ignited aircraft engine using response surface methodology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    3. Kristoffer Mega Herdlevær & Tanja Barth, 2024. "Optimizing Formic Acid-Assisted Co-HTL of Digested Sewage Sludge and Lignocellulosic Waste for Enhanced Bio-Crude Yield and Energy Recovery," Energies, MDPI, vol. 17(1), pages 1-15, January.
    4. Yang, Jie & (Sophia) He, Quan & Yang, Linxi, 2019. "A review on hydrothermal co-liquefaction of biomass," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 926-945.
    5. Zhang, Bo & Chen, Jixiang & Kandasamy, Sabariswaran & He, Zhixia, 2020. "Hydrothermal liquefaction of fresh lemon-peel and Spirulina platensis blending -operation parameter and biocrude chemistry investigation," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 193(C).
    6. Yang, Jie & He, Quan (Sophia) & Niu, Haibo & Corscadden, Kenneth & Astatkie, Tess, 2018. "Hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass model components for product yield prediction and reaction pathways exploration," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 1618-1628.
    7. Prajitno, Hermawan & Park, Jongkeun & Ryu, Changkook & Park, Ho Young & Lim, Hyun Soo & Kim, Jaehoon, 2018. "Effects of solvent participation and controlled product separation on biomass liquefaction: A case study of sewage sludge," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C), pages 402-416.
    8. Yang, Jie & He, Quan (Sophia) & Corscadden, Kenneth & Niu, Haibo & Lin, Jianan & Astatkie, Tess, 2019. "Advanced models for the prediction of product yield in hydrothermal liquefaction via a mixture design of biomass model components coupled with process variables," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 233, pages 906-915.
    9. Yu, Jie & Lin, Xiaoyu & Huang, Jingchen & Ye, Wangfang & Lan, Qian & Du, Shaorong & Liu, Zilin & Wu, Yijing & Zhao, Zeyuan & Xu, Xin & Yang, Guifang & Changotra, Rahil & Hu, Yulin & Wu, Yulong & Yan, , 2023. "Recent advances in the production processes of hydrothermal liquefaction biocrude and aid-in investigation techniques," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 218(C).
    10. Zhang, Bo & Chen, Jixiang & He, Zhixia & Chen, Haitao & Kandasamy, Sabariswaran, 2019. "Hydrothermal liquefaction of fresh lemon-peel: Parameter optimisation and product chemistry," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 143(C), pages 512-519.
    11. Hosseini, Mohammad & Hatefirad, Parvaneh & Salimi, Saeideh & Tavasoli, Ahmad, 2022. "Hydrothermal liquefaction of granular bacteria to high-quality bio-oil using Ni–Ce catalysts supported on functionalized activated carbon," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 241(C).
    12. Ling, Ziye & Cao, Jiahao & Zhang, Wenbo & Zhang, Zhengguo & Fang, Xiaoming & Gao, Xuenong, 2018. "Compact liquid cooling strategy with phase change materials for Li-ion batteries optimized using response surface methodology," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C), pages 777-788.
    13. Rahimipetroudi, Iman & Rashid, Kashif & Yang, Je Bok & Dong, Sang Keun, 2021. "Development of environment-friendly dual fuel pulverized coal-natural gas combustion technology for the co-firing power plant boiler: Experimental and numerical analysis," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 228(C).
    14. Qian, Lili & Wang, Shuzhong & Savage, Phillip E., 2020. "Fast and isothermal hydrothermal liquefaction of sludge at different severities: Reaction products, pathways, and kinetics," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 260(C).
    15. Karaca, Hüseyin. & Koyunoğlu, Cemil & Özdemir, Ali & Ergun, Kenan, 2019. "Co-processing behavior of Gölbaşı lignite and poplar sawdust by factorial experimental design method," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 183(C), pages 1040-1048.
    16. Jung Eun Park & Gi Bbum Lee & Cheol Jin Jeong & Ho Kim & Choong Gon Kim, 2021. "Determination of Relationship between Higher Heating Value and Atomic Ratio of Hydrogen to Carbon in Spent Coffee Grounds by Hydrothermal Carbonization," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(20), pages 1-11, October.
    17. Huang, Hua-jun & Chang, Yan-chao & Lai, Fa-ying & Zhou, Chun-fei & Pan, Zi-qian & Xiao, Xiao-feng & Wang, Jia-xin & Zhou, Chun-huo, 2019. "Co-liquefaction of sewage sludge and rice straw/wood sawdust: The effect of process parameters on the yields/properties of bio-oil and biochar products," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 140-150.

    Most related items

    These are the items that most often cite the same works as this one and are cited by the same works as this one.
    1. Xu, Donghai & Lin, Guike & Guo, Shuwei & Wang, Shuzhong & Guo, Yang & Jing, Zefeng, 2018. "Catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction of algae and upgrading of biocrude: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 97(C), pages 103-118.
    2. Gollakota, A.R.K. & Kishore, Nanda & Gu, Sai, 2018. "A review on hydrothermal liquefaction of biomass," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 81(P1), pages 1378-1392.
    3. Yang, Jie & (Sophia) He, Quan & Yang, Linxi, 2019. "A review on hydrothermal co-liquefaction of biomass," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 250(C), pages 926-945.
    4. Yuan, Chuan & Wang, Shuang & Cao, Bin & Hu, Yamin & Abomohra, Abd El-Fatah & Wang, Qian & Qian, Lili & Liu, Lu & Liu, Xinlin & He, Zhixia & Sun, Chaoqun & Feng, Yongqiang & Zhang, Bo, 2019. "Optimization of hydrothermal co-liquefaction of seaweeds with lignocellulosic biomass: Merging 2nd and 3rd generation feedstocks for enhanced bio-oil production," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 173(C), pages 413-422.
    5. Li, Chenlin & Aston, John E. & Lacey, Jeffrey A. & Thompson, Vicki S. & Thompson, David N., 2016. "Impact of feedstock quality and variation on biochemical and thermochemical conversion," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 65(C), pages 525-536.
    6. Siyuan Yin & Nianze Zhang & Chunyan Tian & Weiming Yi & Qiaoxia Yuan & Peng Fu & Yuchun Zhang & Zhiyu Li, 2021. "Effect of Accumulative Recycling of Aqueous Phase on the Properties of Hydrothermal Degradation of Dry Biomass and Bio-Crude Oil Formation," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(2), pages 1-19, January.
    7. Li, Qingyin & Yuan, Xiangzhou & Hu, Xun & Meers, Erik & Ong, Hwai Chyuan & Chen, Wei-Hsin & Duan, Peigao & Zhang, Shicheng & Lee, Ki Bong & Ok, Yong Sik, 2022. "Co-liquefaction of mixed biomass feedstocks for bio-oil production: A critical review," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 154(C).
    8. Brand, Steffen & Hardi, Flabianus & Kim, Jaehoon & Suh, Dong Jin, 2014. "Effect of heating rate on biomass liquefaction: Differences between subcritical water and supercritical ethanol," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 68(C), pages 420-427.
    9. Zhao, Bojun & Li, Haoyang & Wang, Haoyu & Hu, Yulin & Gao, Jihui & Zhao, Guangbo & Ray, Madhumita B. & Xu, Chunbao Charles, 2021. "Synergistic effects of metallic Fe and other homogeneous/heterogeneous catalysts in hydrothermal liquefaction of woody biomass," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 176(C), pages 543-554.
    10. Li, Bingshuo & Liu, Yixuan & Yang, Tianhua & Feng, Bixuan & Kai, Xingping & Wang, Shurong & Li, Rundong, 2021. "Aqueous phase reforming of biocrude derived from lignocellulose hydrothermal liquefaction: Conditions optimization and mechanism study," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 175(C), pages 98-107.
    11. Huang, Hua-jun & Yuan, Xing-zhong & Zhu, Hui-na & Li, Hui & Liu, Yan & Wang, Xue-li & Zeng, Guang-ming, 2013. "Comparative studies of thermochemical liquefaction characteristics of microalgae, lignocellulosic biomass and sewage sludge," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 56(C), pages 52-60.
    12. Ankit Mathanker & Snehlata Das & Deepak Pudasainee & Monir Khan & Amit Kumar & Rajender Gupta, 2021. "A Review of Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biomass for Biofuels Production with a Special Focus on the Effect of Process Parameters, Co-Solvents, and Extraction Solvents," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(16), pages 1-60, August.
    13. Khalekuzzaman, Md & Jahan, Nusrat & Bin Kabir, Sadib & Hasan, Mehedi, 2024. "An integrated energy recovery approach of biohythane-biocrude production from microalgae-sludge through co-digestion and co-liquefaction," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 225(C).
    14. Ayaz Ali Shah & Saqib Sohail Toor & Asbjørn Haaning Nielsen & Thomas Helmer Pedersen & Lasse Aistrup Rosendahl, 2021. "Bio-Crude Production through Recycling of Pretreated Aqueous Phase via Activated Carbon," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(12), pages 1-20, June.
    15. Wu, Haijun & Shakeel, Usama & Zhang, Quan & Zhang, Kai & Xu, Xia & Yuan, Yamei & Xu, Jian, 2022. "Catalytic degradation of poplar by Na2CO3 and Na2CO3/Fe under various hydrothermal liquefaction processes," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 259(C).
    16. Guanyu Zhang & Kejie Wang & Quan Liu & Lujia Han & Xuesong Zhang, 2022. "A Comprehensive Hydrothermal Co-Liquefaction of Diverse Biowastes for Energy-Dense Biocrude Production: Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects," IJERPH, MDPI, vol. 19(17), pages 1-17, August.
    17. Déniel, Maxime & Haarlemmer, Geert & Roubaud, Anne & Weiss-Hortala, Elsa & Fages, Jacques, 2016. "Energy valorisation of food processing residues and model compounds by hydrothermal liquefaction," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 54(C), pages 1632-1652.
    18. Bi, Zheting & Zhang, Ji & Zhu, Zeying & Liang, Yanna & Wiltowski, Tomasz, 2018. "Generating biocrude from partially defatted Cryptococcus curvatus yeast residues through catalytic hydrothermal liquefaction," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 209(C), pages 435-444.
    19. Kamaldeep Sharma & Ayaz A. Shah & Saqib S. Toor & Tahir H. Seehar & Thomas H. Pedersen & Lasse A. Rosendahl, 2021. "Co-Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Lignocellulosic Biomass in Supercritical Water," Energies, MDPI, vol. 14(6), pages 1-13, March.
    20. Cuevas-Castillo, Gabriela A. & Navarro-Pineda, Freddy S. & Baz Rodríguez, Sergio A. & Sacramento Rivero, Julio C., 2020. "Advances on the processing of microalgal biomass for energy-driven biorefineries," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 125(C).

    Corrections

    All material on this site has been provided by the respective publishers and authors. You can help correct errors and omissions. When requesting a correction, please mention this item's handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:203:y:2017:i:c:p:1-10. See general information about how to correct material in RePEc.

    If you have authored this item and are not yet registered with RePEc, we encourage you to do it here. This allows to link your profile to this item. It also allows you to accept potential citations to this item that we are uncertain about.

    If CitEc recognized a bibliographic reference but did not link an item in RePEc to it, you can help with this form .

    If you know of missing items citing this one, you can help us creating those links by adding the relevant references in the same way as above, for each refering item. If you are a registered author of this item, you may also want to check the "citations" tab in your RePEc Author Service profile, as there may be some citations waiting for confirmation.

    For technical questions regarding this item, or to correct its authors, title, abstract, bibliographic or download information, contact: Catherine Liu (email available below). General contact details of provider: http://www.elsevier.com/wps/find/journaldescription.cws_home/405891/description#description .

    Please note that corrections may take a couple of weeks to filter through the various RePEc services.

    IDEAS is a RePEc service. RePEc uses bibliographic data supplied by the respective publishers.