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The competing chemical and physical effects of transient fuel enrichment on heavy knock in an optical spark ignition engine

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  • Vafamehr, Hassan
  • Cairns, Alasdair
  • Sampson, Ojon
  • Koupaie, Mohammadmohsen Moslemin

Abstract

The work was concerned with improving understanding of the chemical and physical trade-offs when employing transient over-fuelling to control auto-ignition in gasoline spark ignition engines under knock intensities not usually tolerated in optical engines. The single cylinder engine used included full bore overhead optical access capable of withstanding unusually high in-cylinder pressures. Heavy knock was deliberately induced by adopting inlet air heating and a primary reference fuel blend of reduced octane rating. High-speed chemiluminescence imaging and simultaneous in-cylinder pressure data measurement were used to evaluate the combustion events. Under normal operation the engine was operated under port fuel injection with a stoichiometric air-fuel mixture. Multiple centred auto-ignition events were regularly observed, with knock intensities of up to ∼30bar. Additional excess fuel was then introduced directly into the end-gas in short transient bursts. As the mass of excess fuel was progressively increased a trade-off was apparent, with knock intensity first increasing by up to 65% before lower unburned gas temperatures suppressed knock under extremely rich conditions. This trade-off is not usually observed during conventional low intensity knock suppression via over-fuelling and has been associated with the competing effects of reducing auto-ignition delay time and charge cooling/ratio of specific heats. Overall, the results demonstrate the risks in employing excess fuel to suppress knock deep within a heavy knocking combustion regime (potentially including a Super-Knock regime).

Suggested Citation

  • Vafamehr, Hassan & Cairns, Alasdair & Sampson, Ojon & Koupaie, Mohammadmohsen Moslemin, 2016. "The competing chemical and physical effects of transient fuel enrichment on heavy knock in an optical spark ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 179(C), pages 687-697.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:179:y:2016:i:c:p:687-697
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.07.038
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    4. d'Adamo, A. & Breda, S. & Berni, F. & Fontanesi, S., 2019. "The potential of statistical RANS to predict knock tendency: Comparison with LES and experiments on a spark-ignition engine," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 249(C), pages 126-142.
    5. Zhou, Lei & Hua, Jianxiong & Wei, Haiqiao & Dong, Kai & Feng, Dengquan & Shu, Gequn, 2018. "Knock characteristics and combustion regime diagrams of multiple combustion modes based on experimental investigations," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 229(C), pages 31-41.
    6. Karvountzis-Kontakiotis, Apostolos & Vafamehr, Hassan & Cairns, Alasdair & Peckham, Mark, 2018. "Study on pollutants formation under knocking combustion conditions using an optical single cylinder SI research engine," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 158(C), pages 899-910.
    7. Lounici, M.S. & Benbellil, M.A. & Loubar, K. & Niculescu, D.C. & Tazerout, M., 2017. "Knock characterization and development of a new knock indicator for dual-fuel engines," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 141(C), pages 2351-2361.
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