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Modeling and optimization of a heat-pump-assisted high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell micro-combined-heat-and-power system for residential applications

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  • Arsalis, Alexandros
  • Kær, Søren K.
  • Nielsen, Mads P.

Abstract

In this study a micro-combined-heat-and-power (micro-CHP) system is coupled to a vapor-compression heat pump to fulfill the residential needs for heating (space heating and water heating) and electricity in detached single-family households in Denmark. Such a combination is assumed to be attractive for application, since both fuel cell technology and electric heat pumps are found to be two of the most efficient technologies for generation/conversion of useful energy. The micro-CHP system is fueled with natural gas and includes a fuel cell stack, a fuel processor and other auxiliary components. The micro-CHP system assumes heat-led operation, to avoid dumping of heat and the use of complicated thermal energy storage. The overall system is grid-interconnected to allow importing and exporting of electricity as necessary. In this study emphasis is given on the operational characterization of the system. The variational loads are considered from full to quarter load, and the micro-CHP system is optimized in terms of operating thermophysical parameters for every different load. The results clearly indicate the capability of the proposed system to perform efficiently throughout all necessary load changes to fulfill the residential load profile. The average net electrical efficiency and average total system efficiency are 0.380 and 0.815, respectively. However cost analysis shows that certain synergies are necessary to allow the proposed system to make an entry to the energy market as a possible candidate to replace heat pump-only equipped households.

Suggested Citation

  • Arsalis, Alexandros & Kær, Søren K. & Nielsen, Mads P., 2015. "Modeling and optimization of a heat-pump-assisted high temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell micro-combined-heat-and-power system for residential applications," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 147(C), pages 569-581.
    • Handle: RePEc:eee:appene:v:147:y:2015:i:c:p:569-581
    DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.03.031
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    References listed on IDEAS

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    1. Obara, Shin’ya & Watanabe, Seizi & Rengarajan, Balaji, 2011. "Operation method study based on the energy balance of an independent microgrid using solar-powered water electrolyzer and an electric heat pump," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(8), pages 5200-5213.
    2. Arsalis, Alexandros & Nielsen, Mads P. & Kær, Søren K., 2011. "Modeling and off-design performance of a 1kWe HT-PEMFC (high temperature-proton exchange membrane fuel cell)-based residential micro-CHP (combined-heat-and-power) system for Danish single-family house," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 36(2), pages 993-1002.
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    6. Ribeirinha, P. & Abdollahzadeh, M. & Pereira, A. & Relvas, F. & Boaventura, M. & Mendes, A., 2018. "High temperature PEM fuel cell integrated with a cellular membrane methanol steam reformer: Experimental and modelling," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C), pages 659-669.
    7. Wang, Hanbin & Luo, Chunhuan & Zhang, Rudan & Li, Yongsheng & Yang, Changchang & Li, Zexiang & Li, Jianhao & Li, Na & Li, Yiqun & Su, Qingquan, 2023. "Experiment and performance evaluation of an integrated low-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell system with an absorption chiller," Renewable Energy, Elsevier, vol. 215(C).
    8. Li, Jinghua & Fang, Jiakun & Zeng, Qing & Chen, Zhe, 2016. "Optimal operation of the integrated electrical and heating systems to accommodate the intermittent renewable sources," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 167(C), pages 244-254.
    9. Haghighat Mamaghani, Alireza & Najafi, Behzad & Casalegno, Andrea & Rinaldi, Fabio, 2017. "Predictive modelling and adaptive long-term performance optimization of an HT-PEM fuel cell based micro combined heat and power (CHP) plant," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 192(C), pages 519-529.
    10. Shen, Lu & Dou, Xiaobo & Long, Huan & Li, Chen & Chen, Kang & Zhou, Ji, 2021. "A collaborative voltage optimization utilizing flexibility of community heating systems for high PV penetration," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 232(C).
    11. Sorace, Marco & Gandiglio, Marta & Santarelli, Massimo, 2017. "Modeling and techno-economic analysis of the integration of a FC-based micro-CHP system for residential application with a heat pump," Energy, Elsevier, vol. 120(C), pages 262-275.
    12. Alexandros Arsalis & George E. Georghiou, 2018. "A Decentralized, Hybrid Photovoltaic-Solid Oxide Fuel Cell System for Application to a Commercial Building," Energies, MDPI, vol. 11(12), pages 1-20, December.
    13. Wang, Yuqing & Zeng, Hongyu & Cao, Tianyu & Shi, Yixiang & Cai, Ningsheng & Ye, Xiaofeng & Wang, Shaorong, 2016. "Start-up and operation characteristics of a flame fuel cell unit," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 178(C), pages 415-421.
    14. Kwan, Trevor Hocksun & Katsushi, Fujii & Shen, Yongting & Yin, Shunan & Zhang, Yongchao & Kase, Kiwamu & Yao, Qinghe, 2020. "Comprehensive review of integrating fuel cells to other energy systems for enhanced performance and enabling polygeneration," Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Elsevier, vol. 128(C).
    15. Chang, Huawei & Wan, Zhongmin & Zheng, Yao & Chen, Xi & Shu, Shuiming & Tu, Zhengkai & Chan, Siew Hwa & Chen, Rui & Wang, Xiaodong, 2017. "Energy- and exergy-based working fluid selection and performance analysis of a high-temperature PEMFC-based micro combined cooling heating and power system," Applied Energy, Elsevier, vol. 204(C), pages 446-458.

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